| @@ -1,658 +1,659 @@ | | | @@ -1,658 +1,659 @@ |
1 | .\" $NetBSD: fdisk.8,v 1.70 2010/04/07 09:40:58 wiz Exp $ | | 1 | .\" $NetBSD: fdisk.8,v 1.71 2011/04/25 22:23:47 wiz Exp $ |
2 | .\" | | 2 | .\" |
3 | .Dd April 6, 2010 | | 3 | .Dd April 6, 2010 |
4 | .Dt FDISK 8 | | 4 | .Dt FDISK 8 |
5 | .Os | | 5 | .Os |
6 | .Sh NAME | | 6 | .Sh NAME |
7 | .Nm fdisk | | 7 | .Nm fdisk |
8 | .Nd MS-DOS partition maintenance program | | 8 | .Nd MS-DOS partition maintenance program |
9 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | | 9 | .Sh SYNOPSIS |
10 | .Nm | | 10 | .Nm |
11 | .Op Fl aBFfiSuv | | 11 | .Op Fl aBFfiSuv |
12 | .Bk -words | | 12 | .Bk -words |
13 | .Oo | | 13 | .Oo |
14 | .Fl 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | E Ar number | | 14 | .Fl 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | E Ar number |
15 | .Op Fl s Ar id/start/size Ns Bq Ar /bootmenu | | 15 | .Op Fl s Ar id/start/size Ns Bq Ar /bootmenu |
16 | .Oc | | 16 | .Oc |
17 | .Ek | | 17 | .Ek |
18 | .Bk -words | | 18 | .Bk -words |
19 | .Op Fl r Ar file | Fl w Ar file | | 19 | .Op Fl r Ar file | Fl w Ar file |
20 | .Ek | | 20 | .Ek |
21 | .Bk -words | | 21 | .Bk -words |
22 | .Op Fl A Ar ptn_alignment Ns Bq Ar /ptn_0_offset | | 22 | .Op Fl A Ar ptn_alignment Ns Bq Ar /ptn_0_offset |
23 | .Ek | | 23 | .Ek |
24 | .Bk -words | | 24 | .Bk -words |
25 | .Op Fl b Ar cylinders/heads/sectors | | 25 | .Op Fl b Ar cylinders/heads/sectors |
26 | .Ek | | 26 | .Ek |
27 | .Bk -words | | 27 | .Bk -words |
28 | .Op Fl c Ar bootcode | | 28 | .Op Fl c Ar bootcode |
29 | .Ek | | 29 | .Ek |
30 | .Bk -words | | 30 | .Bk -words |
31 | .Op Fl T Ar disktype | | 31 | .Op Fl T Ar disktype |
32 | .Ek | | 32 | .Ek |
33 | .Bk -words | | 33 | .Bk -words |
34 | .Op Fl t Ar disktab | | 34 | .Op Fl t Ar disktab |
35 | .Ek | | 35 | .Ek |
36 | .Bk -words | | 36 | .Bk -words |
37 | .Op Ar device | | 37 | .Op Ar device |
38 | .Ek | | 38 | .Ek |
39 | .Nm | | 39 | .Nm |
40 | .Fl l | | 40 | .Fl l |
41 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | | 41 | .Sh DESCRIPTION |
42 | The | | 42 | The |
43 | .Nm | | 43 | .Nm |
44 | program is used to display or update the | | 44 | program is used to display or update the |
45 | .Em "master boot record" | | 45 | .Em "master boot record" |
46 | or | | 46 | or |
47 | .Em MBR | | 47 | .Em MBR |
48 | in the first sector (sector 0) | | 48 | in the first sector (sector 0) |
49 | of a disk that uses the MBR style of partitioning. | | 49 | of a disk that uses the MBR style of partitioning. |
50 | The following | | 50 | The following |
51 | .Nx | | 51 | .Nx |
52 | ports use this style of disk partitioning: | | 52 | ports use this style of disk partitioning: |
53 | amd64, arc, bebox, cobalt, hpcarm, hpcmips, hpcsh, i386, macppc, | | 53 | amd64, arc, bebox, cobalt, hpcarm, hpcmips, hpcsh, i386, macppc, |
54 | mvmeppc, netwinder, ofppc, and prep. | | 54 | mvmeppc, netwinder, ofppc, and prep. |
55 | .Pp | | 55 | .Pp |
56 | The MBR contains bootable code, a partition table, | | 56 | The MBR contains bootable code, a partition table, |
57 | an indication of which partition is | | 57 | an indication of which partition is |
58 | .Sq active , | | 58 | .Sq active , |
59 | and (optionally, depending on the boot code) a menu | | 59 | and (optionally, depending on the boot code) a menu |
60 | for selecting a partition to be booted. | | 60 | for selecting a partition to be booted. |
61 | There can be at most 4 partitions defined in sector 0, | | 61 | There can be at most 4 partitions defined in sector 0, |
62 | one of which can be an extended | | 62 | one of which can be an extended |
63 | partition which can be split into any number of sub-partitions. | | 63 | partition which can be split into any number of sub-partitions. |
64 | .Pp | | 64 | .Pp |
65 | The boot code in the MBR is usually invoked by the BIOS or firmware, | | 65 | The boot code in the MBR is usually invoked by the BIOS or firmware, |
66 | and the MBR passes control to the next stage boot code | | 66 | and the MBR passes control to the next stage boot code |
67 | stored in the first sector of the partition to be booted | | 67 | stored in the first sector of the partition to be booted |
68 | (the | | 68 | (the |
69 | .Em "partition boot record" | | 69 | .Em "partition boot record" |
70 | or | | 70 | or |
71 | .Em PBR ) . | | 71 | .Em PBR ) . |
72 | .Pp | | 72 | .Pp |
73 | After booting, | | 73 | After booting, |
74 | .Nx | | 74 | .Nx |
75 | does not use the partitioning done by | | 75 | does not use the partitioning done by |
76 | .Nm , | | 76 | .Nm , |
77 | instead it uses a | | 77 | instead it uses a |
78 | .Nx | | 78 | .Nx |
79 | disklabel saved in sector 1 of the | | 79 | disklabel saved in sector 1 of the |
80 | .Nx | | 80 | .Nx |
81 | partition. | | 81 | partition. |
82 | See | | 82 | See |
83 | .Xr mbrlabel 8 | | 83 | .Xr mbrlabel 8 |
84 | for a way of using information from the MBR | | 84 | for a way of using information from the MBR |
85 | to construct a | | 85 | to construct a |
86 | .Nx | | 86 | .Nx |
87 | disklabel. | | 87 | disklabel. |
88 | .Pp | | 88 | .Pp |
89 | The standard MBR boot code will only boot the | | 89 | The standard MBR boot code will only boot the |
90 | .Sq active | | 90 | .Sq active |
91 | partition. | | 91 | partition. |
92 | However, | | 92 | However, |
93 | .Nx | | 93 | .Nx |
94 | contains additional boot programs which allow the user to | | 94 | contains additional boot programs which allow the user to |
95 | interactively select which of the partitions to boot. | | 95 | interactively select which of the partitions to boot. |
96 | The | | 96 | The |
97 | .Sq mbr_ext | | 97 | .Sq mbr_ext |
98 | code will also boot | | 98 | code will also boot |
99 | .Nx | | 99 | .Nx |
100 | from an extended partition but will not work on old systems that do not | | 100 | from an extended partition but will not work on old systems that do not |
101 | support LBA reads, the | | 101 | support LBA reads, the |
102 | .Sq mbr_com0 | | 102 | .Sq mbr_com0 |
103 | and | | 103 | and |
104 | .Sq mbr_com0_9600 | | 104 | .Sq mbr_com0_9600 |
105 | will read and write from a serial port. | | 105 | will read and write from a serial port. |
106 | At the start the | | 106 | At the start the |
107 | .Nm | | 107 | .Nm |
108 | program will determine whether the disk sector 0 is valid as a boot sector. | | 108 | program will determine whether the disk sector 0 is valid as a boot sector. |
109 | (This is determined by checking the magic number.) | | 109 | (This is determined by checking the magic number.) |
110 | If not, | | 110 | If not, |
111 | .Nm | | 111 | .Nm |
112 | will initialise the boot code as well as the partition table. | | 112 | will initialise the boot code as well as the partition table. |
113 | During this, all four partitions will be marked empty. | | 113 | During this, all four partitions will be marked empty. |
114 | .Pp | | 114 | .Pp |
115 | The flags | | 115 | The flags |
116 | .Fl a , | | 116 | .Fl a , |
117 | .Fl i | | 117 | .Fl i |
118 | or | | 118 | or |
119 | .Fl u | | 119 | .Fl u |
120 | are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated. | | 120 | are used to indicate that the partition data is to be updated. |
121 | The | | 121 | The |
122 | .Nm | | 122 | .Nm |
123 | program will enter an interactive conversational mode. | | 123 | program will enter an interactive conversational mode. |
124 | This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to; | | 124 | This mode is designed not to change any data unless you explicitly tell it to; |
125 | .Nm | | 125 | .Nm |
126 | selects defaults for its questions to guarantee that behaviour. | | 126 | selects defaults for its questions to guarantee that behaviour. |
127 | .Pp | | 127 | .Pp |
128 | If partition data is going to be updated and the disk carries GUID Partition | | 128 | If partition data is going to be updated and the disk carries GUID Partition |
129 | Tables, | | 129 | Tables, |
130 | .Nm | | 130 | .Nm |
131 | will remove both primary and backup GPT headers from the disk. | | 131 | will remove both primary and backup GPT headers from the disk. |
132 | See | | 132 | See |
133 | .Xr gpt 8 | | 133 | .Xr gpt 8 |
134 | for information on how to manipulate GUID Partition Tables. | | 134 | for information on how to manipulate GUID Partition Tables. |
135 | .Pp | | 135 | .Pp |
136 | .Nm | | 136 | .Nm |
137 | will calculate the correct | | 137 | will calculate the correct |
138 | .Em cylinder , | | 138 | .Em cylinder , |
139 | .Em head , | | 139 | .Em head , |
140 | and | | 140 | and |
141 | .Em sector | | 141 | .Em sector |
142 | values for any partition you edit. | | 142 | values for any partition you edit. |
143 | If you specify | | 143 | If you specify |
144 | .Fl v | | 144 | .Fl v |
145 | you will be asked whether you want to specify them yourself. | | 145 | you will be asked whether you want to specify them yourself. |
146 | .Pp | | 146 | .Pp |
147 | Finally, when all the data for the first sector has been accumulated, | | 147 | Finally, when all the data for the first sector has been accumulated, |
148 | .Nm | | 148 | .Nm |
149 | will ask if you really want to write the new partition table. | | 149 | will ask if you really want to write the new partition table. |
150 | Only if you reply affirmatively to this question will | | 150 | Only if you reply affirmatively to this question will |
151 | .Nm | | 151 | .Nm |
152 | write anything to the disk. | | 152 | write anything to the disk. |
153 | .Pp | | 153 | .Pp |
154 | Available options: | | 154 | Available options: |
155 | .Pp | | 155 | .Pp |
156 | .Bl -tag -width Ds | | 156 | .Bl -tag -width Ds |
157 | .It Fl 0 | | 157 | .It Fl 0 |
158 | Specify partition slot 0 to be printed or updated. | | 158 | Specify partition slot 0 to be printed or updated. |
159 | .It Fl 1 | | 159 | .It Fl 1 |
160 | Specify partition slot 1 to be printed or updated. | | 160 | Specify partition slot 1 to be printed or updated. |
161 | .It Fl 2 | | 161 | .It Fl 2 |
162 | Specify partition slot 2 to be printed or updated. | | 162 | Specify partition slot 2 to be printed or updated. |
163 | .It Fl 3 | | 163 | .It Fl 3 |
164 | Specify partition slot 3 to be printed or updated. | | 164 | Specify partition slot 3 to be printed or updated. |
165 | .It Fl A Ar ptn_alignment Ns Bq Ar /ptn_0_offset | | 165 | .It Fl A Ar ptn_alignment Ns Bq Ar /ptn_0_offset |
166 | Specify the alignment for all partitions and optionally the offset for the | | 166 | Specify the alignment for all partitions and optionally the offset for the |
167 | first partition of the disk and of extended partitions. | | 167 | first partition of the disk and of extended partitions. |
168 | If | | 168 | If |
169 | .Ar ptn_alignment | | 169 | .Ar ptn_alignment |
170 | is specified and | | 170 | is specified and |
171 | .Ar ptn_0_offset | | 171 | .Ar ptn_0_offset |
172 | is not specified, then the offset is set to the alignment. | | 172 | is not specified, then the offset is set to the alignment. |
173 | If | | 173 | If |
174 | .Fl A | | 174 | .Fl A |
175 | isn't specified, then the alignment of the first partition is inspected. | | 175 | isn't specified, then the alignment of the first partition is inspected. |
176 | If it ends on a 2048 sector boundary, then the alignment is set to 2048, | | 176 | If it ends on a 2048 sector boundary, then the alignment is set to 2048, |
177 | if the start is a power of 2 less than, or equal to 2048 then the offset | | 177 | if the start is a power of 2 less than, or equal to 2048 then the offset |
178 | is set to the start sector. | | 178 | is set to the start sector. |
179 | If the first partition isn't defined then the alignment and offset for disks | | 179 | If the first partition isn't defined then the alignment and offset for disks |
180 | larger than 128GB is set to 2048 (1MB). | | 180 | larger than 128GB is set to 2048 (1MB). |
181 | In all other cases the alignment default to a cylinder | | 181 | In all other cases the alignment default to a cylinder |
182 | and the offset to a track (both using the BIOS geometry). | | 182 | and the offset to a track (both using the BIOS geometry). |
183 | The 1MB alignment is the same as that used by recent windows versions. | | 183 | The 1MB alignment is the same as that used by recent windows versions. |
184 | .It Fl a | | 184 | .It Fl a |
185 | Change the active partition. | | 185 | Change the active partition. |
186 | In interactive mode this question will be asked after the partitions | | 186 | In interactive mode this question will be asked after the partitions |
187 | have been processed. | | 187 | have been processed. |
188 | .It Fl B | | 188 | .It Fl B |
189 | On an i386 or amd64 system, interactively update the boot selector settings. | | 189 | On an i386 or amd64 system, interactively update the boot selector settings. |
190 | (The boot selector permits the user to interactively select the boot | | 190 | (The boot selector permits the user to interactively select the boot |
191 | partition, and thus which operating system is run, at system boot time; see | | 191 | partition, and thus which operating system is run, at system boot time; see |
192 | .Xr mbr 8 | | 192 | .Xr mbr 8 |
193 | for more information.) | | 193 | for more information.) |
194 | .It Fl b Ar cylinders/heads/sectors | | 194 | .It Fl b Ar cylinders/heads/sectors |
195 | Specify the BIOS geometry parameters for | | 195 | Specify the BIOS geometry parameters for |
196 | .Ar cylinders , | | 196 | .Ar cylinders , |
197 | .Ar heads , | | 197 | .Ar heads , |
198 | and | | 198 | and |
199 | .Ar sectors . | | 199 | .Ar sectors . |
200 | It is used only in conjunction with the | | 200 | It is used only in conjunction with the |
201 | .Fl u | | 201 | .Fl u |
202 | flag. | | 202 | flag. |
203 | If not specified the BIOS geometry will be obtained using sysctl (i386 and | | 203 | If not specified the BIOS geometry will be obtained using sysctl (i386 and |
204 | amd64) or by solving the simultaenous equations from the existing partition | | 204 | amd64) or by solving the simultaenous equations from the existing partition |
205 | information. | | 205 | information. |
206 | If that fails then either the geometry from the disklabel or 63 sectors and | | 206 | If that fails then either the geometry from the disklabel or 63 sectors and |
207 | 16 heads is used. | | 207 | 16 heads is used. |
208 | .It Fl c Ar bootcode | | 208 | .It Fl c Ar bootcode |
209 | Specify the filename that | | 209 | Specify the filename that |
210 | .Nm | | 210 | .Nm |
211 | should read the bootcode from. | | 211 | should read the bootcode from. |
212 | If the name of a directory is specified, then | | 212 | If the name of a directory is specified, then |
213 | .Nm | | 213 | .Nm |
214 | will look for files with the default names in that directory. | | 214 | will look for files with the default names in that directory. |
215 | The default is to read from | | 215 | The default is to read from |
216 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr , | | 216 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr , |
217 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel | | 217 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel |
218 | or | | 218 | or |
219 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_ext | | 219 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_ext |
220 | depending on whether | | 220 | depending on whether |
221 | .Ar bootmenu | | 221 | .Ar bootmenu |
222 | was specified for any partitions | | 222 | was specified for any partitions |
223 | on an i386 machine, and leave the bootcode empty for other | | 223 | on an i386 machine, and leave the bootcode empty for other |
224 | machines. | | 224 | machines. |
225 | .It Fl E Ar number | | 225 | .It Fl E Ar number |
226 | Specify extended partition | | 226 | Specify extended partition |
227 | .Ar number | | 227 | .Ar number |
228 | to be printed or updated. | | 228 | to be printed or updated. |
229 | If the specified extended partition doesn't exist on updating partition data | | 229 | If the specified extended partition doesn't exist on updating partition data |
230 | an additional extended partition will be created. | | 230 | an additional extended partition will be created. |
231 | .It Fl F | | 231 | .It Fl F |
232 | Indicate that | | 232 | Indicate that |
233 | .Ar device | | 233 | .Ar device |
234 | is a regular file. | | 234 | is a regular file. |
235 | Unless the geometry of | | 235 | Unless the geometry of |
236 | .Ar device | | 236 | .Ar device |
237 | is told to | | 237 | is told to |
238 | .Nm | | 238 | .Nm |
239 | by | | 239 | by |
240 | .Fl T Ar disktype , | | 240 | .Fl T Ar disktype , |
241 | .Nm | | 241 | .Nm |
242 | will count the 512-byte sectors in | | 242 | will count the 512-byte sectors in |
243 | .Ar device | | 243 | .Ar device |
244 | and produce a fake geometry. | | 244 | and produce a fake geometry. |
245 | If | | 245 | If |
246 | .Ar device | | 246 | .Ar device |
247 | is a regular file, | | 247 | is a regular file, |
248 | .Fl F | | 248 | .Fl F |
249 | will be used implicitly. | | 249 | will be used implicitly. |
250 | .It Fl f | | 250 | .It Fl f |
251 | Run | | 251 | Run |
252 | .Nm | | 252 | .Nm |
253 | in a non-interactive mode. | | 253 | in a non-interactive mode. |
254 | In this mode, you can only change the disk parameters by using the | | 254 | In this mode, you can only change the disk parameters by using the |
255 | .Fl b | | 255 | .Fl b |
256 | flag. | | 256 | flag. |
257 | This is provided only so scripts or other programs may use | | 257 | This is provided only so scripts or other programs may use |
258 | .Nm | | 258 | .Nm |
259 | as part of an automatic installation process. | | 259 | as part of an automatic installation process. |
260 | .Pp | | 260 | .Pp |
261 | Using the | | 261 | Using the |
262 | .Fl f | | 262 | .Fl f |
263 | flag with | | 263 | flag with |
264 | .Fl u | | 264 | .Fl u |
265 | makes it impossible to specify the starting and ending | | 265 | makes it impossible to specify the starting and ending |
266 | .Ar cylinder , | | 266 | .Ar cylinder , |
267 | .Ar head , | | 267 | .Ar head , |
268 | and | | 268 | and |
269 | .Ar sector | | 269 | .Ar sector |
270 | fields | | 270 | fields |
271 | .Pq only Ar start No and Ar size No can be specified by Fl s No option . | | 271 | .Pq only Ar start No and Ar size No can be specified by Fl s No option . |
272 | They will be automatically computed using the BIOS geometry. | | 272 | They will be automatically computed using the BIOS geometry. |
273 | .It Fl i | | 273 | .It Fl i |
274 | Explicitly request initialisation of the master boot code | | 274 | Explicitly request initialisation of the master boot code |
275 | (similar to what | | 275 | (similar to what |
276 | .Ic fdisk /mbr | | 276 | .Ic fdisk /mbr |
277 | does under | | 277 | does under |
278 | .Tn MS-DOS ) , | | 278 | .Tn MS-DOS ) , |
279 | even if the magic number in the first sector is ok. | | 279 | even if the magic number in the first sector is ok. |
280 | The partition table is left alone by this (but see above). | | 280 | The partition table is left alone by this (but see above). |
281 | .It Fl l | | 281 | .It Fl l |
282 | Lists known | | 282 | Lists known |
283 | .Em sysid | | 283 | .Em sysid |
284 | values and exit. | | 284 | values and exit. |
285 | .It Fl r Ar file | | 285 | .It Fl r Ar file |
286 | Read the boot record from file | | 286 | Read the boot record from file |
287 | .Ar file | | 287 | .Ar file |
288 | instead of the specified disk. | | 288 | instead of the specified disk. |
289 | The geometry information used is still that of the disk volume. | | 289 | The geometry information used is still that of the disk volume. |
290 | Any changes are written back to the file. | | 290 | Any changes are written back to the file. |
291 | .It Fl S | | 291 | .It Fl S |
292 | When used with no other flags print a series of | | 292 | When used with no other flags print a series of |
293 | .Pa /bin/sh | | 293 | .Pa /bin/sh |
294 | commands for setting variables to the partition information. | | 294 | commands for setting variables to the partition information. |
295 | This could be used by installation scripts. | | 295 | This could be used by installation scripts. |
296 | .It Fl s Ar id/start/size Ns Bq Ar /bootmenu | | 296 | .It Fl s Ar id/start/size Ns Bq Ar /bootmenu |
297 | Specify the partition | | 297 | Specify the partition |
298 | .Ar id , | | 298 | .Ar id , |
299 | .Ar start , | | 299 | .Ar start , |
300 | .Ar size , | | 300 | .Ar size , |
301 | and optionally | | 301 | and optionally |
302 | .Ar bootmenu . | | 302 | .Ar bootmenu . |
303 | This flag requires the use of a partition selection flag | | 303 | This flag requires the use of a partition selection flag |
304 | .Pq Fl 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , No or Fl E Ar number . | | 304 | .Pq Fl 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , No or Fl E Ar number . |
305 | .It Fl T Ar disktype | | 305 | .It Fl T Ar disktype |
306 | Use the disklabel | | 306 | Use the disklabel |
307 | .Ar disktype | | 307 | .Ar disktype |
308 | instead of the disklabel on | | 308 | instead of the disklabel on |
309 | .Ar device . | | 309 | .Ar device . |
310 | .It Fl t Ar disktab | | 310 | .It Fl t Ar disktab |
311 | Read | | 311 | Read |
312 | .Ar disktype | | 312 | .Ar disktype |
313 | from the named | | 313 | from the named |
314 | .Xr disktab 5 | | 314 | .Xr disktab 5 |
315 | file instead of from | | 315 | file instead of from |
316 | .Pa /etc/disktab . | | 316 | .Pa /etc/disktab . |
317 | .It Fl u | | 317 | .It Fl u |
318 | Update partition data, including | | 318 | Update partition data, including |
319 | .Em id , start , No and Em size . | | 319 | .Em id , start , No and Em size . |
320 | Unless | | 320 | Unless |
321 | .Fl f | | 321 | .Fl f |
322 | option | | 322 | option |
323 | .Pq non-interactive mode | | 323 | .Pq non-interactive mode |
324 | is specified, | | 324 | is specified, |
325 | .Nm | | 325 | .Nm |
326 | will display the partitions and interactively ask which one you want to edit. | | 326 | will display the partitions and interactively ask which one you want to edit. |
327 | .Nm | | 327 | .Nm |
328 | will step through each field showing the old value and asking for a new one. | | 328 | will step through each field showing the old value and asking for a new one. |
329 | The | | 329 | The |
330 | .Em start | | 330 | .Em start |
331 | and | | 331 | and |
332 | .Em size | | 332 | .Em size |
333 | can be specified in blocks (NN), | | 333 | can be specified in blocks (NN), |
334 | cylinders (NNc or NNcyl), | | 334 | cylinders (NNc or NNcyl), |
335 | megabytes (NNm or NNMB), | | 335 | megabytes (NNm or NNMB), |
336 | or gigabytes (NNg or NNGB), values in megabytes and gigabytes | | 336 | or gigabytes (NNg or NNGB), values in megabytes and gigabytes |
337 | will be rounded to the nearest cylinder boundary. | | 337 | will be rounded to the nearest cylinder boundary. |
338 | The | | 338 | The |
339 | .Em size | | 339 | .Em size |
340 | may be specified as | | 340 | may be specified as |
341 | .Em $ | | 341 | .Em $ |
342 | in which case the partition will extend to the end of the available free space. | | 342 | in which case the partition will extend to the end of the available free space. |
343 | .Pp | | 343 | .Pp |
344 | In a non-interactive mode | | 344 | In a non-interactive mode |
345 | .Pq specified by Fl f No option , | | 345 | .Pq specified by Fl f No option , |
346 | partition data should be specified by | | 346 | partition data should be specified by |
347 | .Fl s | | 347 | .Fl s |
348 | option. | | 348 | option. |
349 | A partition selection option | | 349 | A partition selection option |
350 | .Pq Fl 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , No or Fl E Ar number | | 350 | .Pq Fl 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , No or Fl E Ar number |
351 | should also be specified to select a partition slot to be updated. | | 351 | should also be specified to select a partition slot to be updated. |
352 | .Pp | | 352 | .Pp |
353 | .Nm | | 353 | .Nm |
354 | will not allow you to create partitions which overlap. | | 354 | will not allow you to create partitions which overlap. |
355 | If | | 355 | If |
356 | .Fl u | | 356 | .Fl u |
357 | and | | 357 | and |
358 | .Fl s | | 358 | .Fl s |
359 | are specified in a non-interactive mode | | 359 | are specified in a non-interactive mode |
360 | then the details of the specified partition will be changed. | | 360 | then the details of the specified partition will be changed. |
361 | Any other partitions which overlap the requested part of the disk will be | | 361 | Any other partitions which overlap the requested part of the disk will be |
362 | silently deleted. | | 362 | silently deleted. |
363 | .Pp | | 363 | .Pp |
364 | If | | 364 | If |
365 | .Em bootmenu | | 365 | .Em bootmenu |
366 | is specified for any partition | | 366 | is specified for any partition |
367 | .Nm | | 367 | .Nm |
368 | will determine whether the installed boot code supports the bootselect code, | | 368 | will determine whether the installed boot code supports the bootselect code, |
369 | if it doesn't you will be asked whether you want to install the required | | 369 | if it doesn't you will be asked whether you want to install the required |
370 | boot code. | | 370 | boot code. |
371 | To remove a | | 371 | To remove a |
372 | .Em bootmenu | | 372 | .Em bootmenu |
373 | label, simply press | | 373 | label, simply press |
374 | .Aq space | | 374 | .Aq space |
375 | followed by | | 375 | followed by |
376 | .Aq return . | | 376 | .Aq return . |
377 | .It Fl v | | 377 | .It Fl v |
378 | Be more verbose, specifying | | 378 | Be more verbose, specifying |
379 | .Fl v | | 379 | .Fl v |
380 | more than once may increase the amount of output. | | 380 | more than once may increase the amount of output. |
381 | .Pp | | 381 | .Pp |
382 | Using | | 382 | Using |
383 | .Fl v | | 383 | .Fl v |
384 | with | | 384 | with |
385 | .Fl u | | 385 | .Fl u |
386 | allows the user to change more parameters than normally permitted. | | 386 | allows the user to change more parameters than normally permitted. |
387 | .It Fl w Ar file | | 387 | .It Fl w Ar file |
388 | Write the modified partition table to file | | 388 | Write the modified partition table to file |
389 | .Ar file | | 389 | .Ar file |
390 | instead of the disk. | | 390 | instead of the disk. |
391 | .El | | 391 | .El |
392 | .Pp | | 392 | .Pp |
393 | When called with no arguments, it prints the partition table. | | 393 | When called with no arguments, it prints the partition table. |
394 | An example follows: | | 394 | An example follows: |
395 | .Bd -literal | | 395 | .Bd -literal |
396 | Disk: /dev/rwd0d | | 396 | Disk: /dev/rwd0d |
397 | NetBSD disklabel disk geometry: | | 397 | NetBSD disklabel disk geometry: |
398 | cylinders: 16383, heads: 16, sectors/track: 63 (1008 sectors/cylinder) | | 398 | cylinders: 16383, heads: 16, sectors/track: 63 (1008 sectors/cylinder) |
399 | total sectors: 40032696 | | 399 | total sectors: 40032696 |
400 | | | 400 | |
401 | BIOS disk geometry: | | 401 | BIOS disk geometry: |
402 | cylinders: 1023, heads: 255, sectors/track: 63 (16065 sectors/cylinder) | | 402 | cylinders: 1023, heads: 255, sectors/track: 63 (16065 sectors/cylinder) |
403 | total sectors: 40032696 | | 403 | total sectors: 40032696 |
404 | | | 404 | |
405 | Partition table: | | 405 | Partition table: |
406 | 0: NetBSD (sysid 169) | | 406 | 0: NetBSD (sysid 169) |
407 | bootmenu: net 1.5. | | 407 | bootmenu: net 1.5. |
408 | start 4209030, size 8289540 (4048 MB, Cyls 262-778), Active | | 408 | start 4209030, size 8289540 (4048 MB, Cyls 262-778), Active |
409 | 1: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) | | 409 | 1: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) |
410 | bootmenu: win98 | | 410 | bootmenu: win98 |
411 | start 63, size 4208967 (2055 MB, Cyls 0-262) | | 411 | start 63, size 4208967 (2055 MB, Cyls 0-262) |
412 | 2: NetBSD (sysid 169) | | 412 | 2: NetBSD (sysid 169) |
413 | bootmenu: current | | 413 | bootmenu: current |
414 | start 32515560, size 7517136 (3670 MB, Cyls 2024-2491/234/40) | | 414 | start 32515560, size 7517136 (3670 MB, Cyls 2024-2491/234/40) |
415 | 3: Ext. partition - LBA (sysid 15) | | 415 | 3: Ext. partition - LBA (sysid 15) |
416 | start 12498570, size 20016990 (9774 MB, Cyls 778-2024) | | 416 | start 12498570, size 20016990 (9774 MB, Cyls 778-2024) |
417 | Extended partition table: | | 417 | Extended partition table: |
418 | E0: NetBSD (sysid 169) | | 418 | E0: NetBSD (sysid 169) |
419 | bootmenu: test | | 419 | bootmenu: test |
420 | start 12498633, size 12305727 (6009 MB, Cyls 778-1544) | | 420 | start 12498633, size 12305727 (6009 MB, Cyls 778-1544) |
421 | E1: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) | | 421 | E1: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) |
422 | start 24804423, size 4096512 (2000 MB, Cyls 1544-1799) | | 422 | start 24804423, size 4096512 (2000 MB, Cyls 1544-1799) |
423 | E2: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) | | 423 | E2: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) |
424 | start 28900998, size 3614562 (1765 MB, Cyls 1799-2024) | | 424 | start 28900998, size 3614562 (1765 MB, Cyls 1799-2024) |
425 | Bootselector enabled, infinite timeout. | | 425 | Bootselector enabled, infinite timeout. |
426 | First active partition: 0 | | 426 | First active partition: 0 |
427 | .Ed | | 427 | .Ed |
428 | .Pp | | 428 | .Pp |
429 | This example disk is divided into four partitions, the last of which is | | 429 | This example disk is divided into four partitions, the last of which is |
430 | an extended partition. | | 430 | an extended partition. |
431 | The sub-partitions of the extended partition are also shown. | | 431 | The sub-partitions of the extended partition are also shown. |
432 | In this case there is no free space in either the disk or in the extended | | 432 | In this case there is no free space in either the disk or in the extended |
433 | partition. | | 433 | partition. |
434 | .Pp | | 434 | .Pp |
435 | The various fields in each partition entry are: | | 435 | The various fields in each partition entry are: |
436 | .br | | 436 | .br |
437 | .in +4 | | 437 | .in +4 |
438 | .Em ptn_number : id_name | | 438 | .Em ptn_number : id_name |
439 | (sysid | | 439 | (sysid |
440 | .Em id_number ) | | 440 | .Em id_number ) |
441 | .br | | 441 | .br |
442 | .in +4 | | 442 | .in +4 |
443 | bootmenu: | | 443 | bootmenu: |
444 | .Em bootmenu | | 444 | .Em bootmenu |
445 | .br | | 445 | .br |
446 | start | | 446 | start |
447 | .Em start , | | 447 | .Em start , |
448 | size | | 448 | size |
449 | .Em size ( MB | | 449 | .Em size ( MB |
450 | MB, Cyls | | 450 | MB, Cyls |
451 | .Em first Ns No - Ns Em next ) | | 451 | .Em first Ns No - Ns Em next ) |
452 | .Op , Active | | 452 | .Op , Active |
453 | .in -4 | | 453 | .in -4 |
454 | .in -4 | | 454 | .in -4 |
455 | .Bl -tag -width "bootmenu" | | 455 | .Bl -tag -width "bootmenu" |
456 | .It Em ptn_number | | 456 | .It Em ptn_number |
457 | is the number of the partition. | | 457 | is the number of the partition. |
458 | .It Em id_name | | 458 | .It Em id_name |
459 | is the name of the filesystem type or operating system that uses this partition. | | 459 | is the name of the filesystem type or operating system that uses this partition. |
460 | .It Em id_number | | 460 | .It Em id_number |
461 | is the number that identifies the partition type. | | 461 | is the number that identifies the partition type. |
462 | 169 decimal is used for | | 462 | 169 decimal is used for |
463 | .Nx | | 463 | .Nx |
464 | partitions, | | 464 | partitions, |
465 | 15 decimal to create an extended partition | | 465 | 15 decimal to create an extended partition |
466 | and 0 to mark a partition as unused. | | 466 | and 0 to mark a partition as unused. |
467 | Use | | 467 | Use |
468 | .Nm | | 468 | .Nm |
469 | .Fl l | | 469 | .Fl l |
470 | to list the known partition types. | | 470 | to list the known partition types. |
471 | .It Em bootmenu | | 471 | .It Em bootmenu |
472 | is the menu prompt output by the interactive boot code for this partition. | | 472 | is the menu prompt output by the interactive boot code for this partition. |
473 | This line is omitted if the prompt is not defined. | | 473 | This line is omitted if the prompt is not defined. |
474 | .It Em start , Em size | | 474 | .It Em start , Em size |
475 | are the start address and size of the partition in sectors. | | 475 | are the start address and size of the partition in sectors. |
476 | .It Em MB | | 476 | .It Em MB |
477 | is the size of the partition in megabytes. | | 477 | is the size of the partition in megabytes. |
478 | .It Em first , Em next | | 478 | .It Em first , Em next |
479 | are the bounds of this partition displayed as cylinder/head/sector. | | 479 | are the bounds of this partition displayed as cylinder/head/sector. |
480 | If the partition starts (or ends) on a cylinder boundary the head and | | 480 | If the partition starts (or ends) on a cylinder boundary the head and |
481 | sector values are omitted. | | 481 | sector values are omitted. |
482 | If | | 482 | If |
483 | .Fl v | | 483 | .Fl v |
484 | is not specified the start of extended partitions and the first partition | | 484 | is not specified the start of extended partitions and the first partition |
485 | on the disk are rounded down to include the mandatory red tape in the | | 485 | on the disk are rounded down to include the mandatory red tape in the |
486 | preceding track. | | 486 | preceding track. |
487 | .It Active | | 487 | .It Active |
488 | is output if this is the active partition. | | 488 | is output if this is the active partition. |
489 | .El | | 489 | .El |
490 | .Pp | | 490 | .Pp |
491 | If the | | 491 | If the |
492 | .Fl v | | 492 | .Fl v |
493 | flag is specified, the beginning and end of each partition are also | | 493 | flag is specified, the beginning and end of each partition are also |
494 | displayed as follows: | | 494 | displayed as follows: |
495 | .in +4 | | 495 | .in +4 |
496 | beg: cylinder | | 496 | beg: cylinder |
497 | .Em cylinder , | | 497 | .Em cylinder , |
498 | head | | 498 | head |
499 | .Em head , | | 499 | .Em head , |
500 | sector | | 500 | sector |
501 | .Em sector | | 501 | .Em sector |
502 | .br | | 502 | .br |
503 | end: cylinder | | 503 | end: cylinder |
504 | .Em cylinder , | | 504 | .Em cylinder , |
505 | head | | 505 | head |
506 | .Em head , | | 506 | .Em head , |
507 | sector | | 507 | sector |
508 | .Em sector | | 508 | .Em sector |
509 | .in -4 | | 509 | .in -4 |
510 | .Bl -tag -width "bootmenu" | | 510 | .Bl -tag -width "bootmenu" |
511 | .It Em "cylinder" , Em "head" , Em "sector" | | 511 | .It Em "cylinder" , Em "head" , Em "sector" |
512 | are the beginning or ending address of a partition. | | 512 | are the beginning or ending address of a partition. |
513 | .Pp | | 513 | .Pp |
514 | .Em "Note:" | | 514 | .Em "Note:" |
515 | these numbers are read from the bootblock, so are the values calculated | | 515 | these numbers are read from the bootblock, so are the values calculated |
516 | by a previous run of | | 516 | by a previous run of |
517 | .Nm . | | 517 | .Nm . |
518 | .El | | 518 | .El |
519 | .Pp | | 519 | .Pp |
520 | .Nm | | 520 | .Nm |
521 | attempts to check whether each partition is bootable, | | 521 | attempts to check whether each partition is bootable, |
522 | by checking the magic number and some other characteristics | | 522 | by checking the magic number and some other characteristics |
523 | of the first sector of each partition (the PBR). | | 523 | of the first sector of each partition (the PBR). |
524 | If the partition does not appear to be bootable, | | 524 | If the partition does not appear to be bootable, |
525 | .Nm | | 525 | .Nm |
526 | will print a line containing | | 526 | will print a line containing |
527 | .Dq "PBR is not bootable" | | 527 | .Dq "PBR is not bootable" |
528 | followed by an error message. | | 528 | followed by an error message. |
529 | If the partition is bootable, and if the | | 529 | If the partition is bootable, and if the |
530 | .Fl v | | 530 | .Fl v |
531 | flag is specified, | | 531 | flag is specified, |
532 | .Nm | | 532 | .Nm |
533 | will print | | 533 | will print |
534 | .Dq "PBR appears to be bootable" . | | 534 | .Dq "PBR appears to be bootable" . |
535 | If the | | 535 | If the |
536 | .Fl v | | 536 | .Fl v |
537 | flag is specified more than once, | | 537 | flag is specified more than once, |
538 | .Nm | | 538 | .Nm |
539 | will print the heading | | 539 | will print the heading |
540 | .Dq "Information from PBR:" | | 540 | .Dq "Information from PBR:" |
541 | followed by one or more lines of information gleaned from the PBR; | | 541 | followed by one or more lines of information gleaned from the PBR; |
542 | this additional information may be incorrect or misleading, | | 542 | this additional information may be incorrect or misleading, |
543 | because different operating systems use different PBR formats. | | 543 | because different operating systems use different PBR formats. |
544 | Note that, even if no errors are reported, an attempt to boot | | 544 | Note that, even if no errors are reported, an attempt to boot |
545 | from the partition might fail. | | 545 | from the partition might fail. |
546 | .Nx | | 546 | .Nx |
547 | partitions may be made bootable using | | 547 | partitions may be made bootable using |
548 | .Xr installboot 8 . | | 548 | .Xr installboot 8 . |
549 | .Sh NOTES | | 549 | .Sh NOTES |
550 | This program is only available (and useful) on systems with PC-platform-style | | 550 | This program is only available (and useful) on systems with PC-platform-style |
551 | MBR partitioning. | | 551 | MBR partitioning. |
552 | .Pp | | 552 | .Pp |
553 | Traditionally the partition boundaries should be on cylinder boundaries | | 553 | Traditionally the partition boundaries should be on cylinder boundaries |
554 | using the BIOS geometry, with the exception of the first partition, | | 554 | using the BIOS geometry, with the exception of the first partition, |
555 | which traditionally begins in the second track of the first cylinder | | 555 | which traditionally begins in the second track of the first cylinder |
556 | (cylinder 0, head 1, sector 1). | | 556 | (cylinder 0, head 1, sector 1). |
557 | Although the BIOS geometry is typically different from the geometry | | 557 | Although the BIOS geometry is typically different from the geometry |
558 | reported by the drive, neither will match the actual physical geometry | | 558 | reported by the drive, neither will match the actual physical geometry |
559 | for modern disks (the actual geometry will vary across the disk). | | 559 | for modern disks (the actual geometry will vary across the disk). |
560 | Keeping the partition boundaries on cylinder boundaries makes partitioning | | 560 | Keeping the partition boundaries on cylinder boundaries makes partitioning |
561 | a driver easier as only relatively small numbers need be entered. | | 561 | a driver easier as only relatively small numbers need be entered. |
562 | .Pp | | 562 | .Pp |
563 | The automatic calculation of the starting cylinder and | | 563 | The automatic calculation of the starting cylinder and |
564 | other parameters uses | | 564 | other parameters uses |
565 | a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the | | 565 | a set of figures that represent what the BIOS thinks is the |
566 | geometry of the drive. | | 566 | geometry of the drive. |
567 | The default values should be correct for the system on which | | 567 | The default values should be correct for the system on which |
568 | .Nm | | 568 | .Nm |
569 | is run; however, if you move the disk to a different system, the | | 569 | is run; however, if you move the disk to a different system, the |
570 | BIOS of that system might use a different geometry translation. | | 570 | BIOS of that system might use a different geometry translation. |
571 | .Pp | | 571 | .Pp |
572 | If you run the equivalent of | | 572 | If you run the equivalent of |
573 | .Nm | | 573 | .Nm |
574 | on a different operating system then the | | 574 | on a different operating system then the |
575 | .Ar bootmenu | | 575 | .Ar bootmenu |
576 | strings associated with extended partitions may be lost. | | 576 | strings associated with extended partitions may be lost. |
577 | .Pp | | 577 | .Pp |
578 | Editing an existing partition is risky, and may cause you to | | 578 | Editing an existing partition is risky, and may cause you to |
579 | lose all the data in that partition. | | 579 | lose all the data in that partition. |
580 | .Pp | | 580 | .Pp |
581 | You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it works. | | 581 | You should run this program interactively once or twice to see how it works. |
582 | This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question in the negative. | | 582 | This is completely safe as long as you answer the last question in the negative. |
583 | You can also specify | | 583 | You can also specify |
584 | .Fl w Ar file | | 584 | .Fl w Ar file |
585 | to write the output to a file and later specify | | 585 | to write the output to a file and later specify |
586 | .Fl r Ar file | | 586 | .Fl r Ar file |
587 | to read back the updated information. | | 587 | to read back the updated information. |
588 | This can be done without having write access to the disk volume. | | 588 | This can be done without having write access to the disk volume. |
589 | .Sh FILES | | 589 | .Sh FILES |
590 | .Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/mbrxxxxxxxx -compact | | 590 | .Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/mbrxxxxxxxx -compact |
591 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr | | 591 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr |
592 | Default location of i386 bootcode | | 592 | Default location of i386 bootcode |
593 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel | | 593 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel |
594 | Default location of i386 bootselect code | | 594 | Default location of i386 bootselect code |
595 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_ext | | 595 | .It Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_ext |
596 | Default location of i386 bootselect for extended partitions | | 596 | Default location of i386 bootselect for extended partitions |
597 | .El | | 597 | .El |
598 | .Sh EXAMPLES | | 598 | .Sh EXAMPLES |
599 | Update MBR partition data of | | 599 | Update MBR partition data of |
600 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d | | 600 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d |
601 | in interactive mode: | | 601 | in interactive mode: |
602 | .Pp | | 602 | .Pp |
603 | .Dl Ic fdisk -u /dev/rwd0d | | 603 | .Dl Ic fdisk -u /dev/rwd0d |
604 | .Pp | | 604 | .Pp |
605 | Change active MBR partition of | | 605 | Change active MBR partition of |
606 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d | | 606 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d |
607 | in interactive mode: | | 607 | in interactive mode: |
608 | .Pp | | 608 | .Pp |
609 | .Dl Ic fdisk -a /dev/rwd0d | | 609 | .Dl Ic fdisk -a /dev/rwd0d |
610 | .Pp | | 610 | .Pp |
611 | Install MBR bootcode | | 611 | Install MBR bootcode |
612 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel | | 612 | .Pa /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel |
613 | into | | 613 | into |
614 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d : | | 614 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d : |
615 | .Pp | | 615 | .Pp |
616 | .Dl Ic fdisk -c /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel /dev/rwd0d | | 616 | .Dl Ic fdisk -c /usr/mdec/mbr_bootsel /dev/rwd0d |
617 | .Pp | | 617 | .Pp |
618 | Set MBR partition data for slot 0 of | | 618 | Set MBR partition data for slot 0 of |
619 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d | | 619 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d |
620 | specifying values without prompt: | | 620 | specifying values without prompt: |
621 | .Pp | | 621 | .Pp |
622 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -u -0 -s 169/63/2097089 /dev/rwd0d | | 622 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -u -0 -s 169/63/2097089 /dev/rwd0d |
623 | .Pp | | 623 | .Pp |
624 | Make partition slot 0 of | | 624 | Make partition slot 0 of |
625 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d | | 625 | .Pa /dev/rwd0d |
626 | active without prompt: | | 626 | active without prompt: |
627 | .Pp | | 627 | .Pp |
628 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -a -0 /dev/rwd0d | | 628 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -a -0 /dev/rwd0d |
629 | .Pp | | 629 | .Pp |
630 | Initialize and create MBR partition data using bootcode | | 630 | Initialize and create MBR partition data using bootcode |
631 | .Pa destdir/usr/mdec/mbr | | 631 | .Pa destdir/usr/mdec/mbr |
632 | without prompt against 1GB disk image file | | 632 | without prompt against 1GB disk image file |
633 | .Pa diskimg : | | 633 | .Pa diskimg : |
634 | .Pp | | 634 | .Pp |
635 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -i -b 130/255/63 -c destdir/usr/mdec/mbr -F diskimg | | 635 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -i -b 130/255/63 -c destdir/usr/mdec/mbr -F diskimg |
636 | .Pp | | 636 | .Pp |
637 | Create MBR partition data for slot 0 which has an active NetBSD partition | | 637 | Create MBR partition data for slot 0 which has an active |
638 | using whole disk without prompt against 1GB disk image file | | 638 | .Nx |
| | | 639 | partition using whole disk without prompt against 1GB disk image file |
639 | .Pa diskimg : | | 640 | .Pa diskimg : |
640 | .Pp | | 641 | .Pp |
641 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -a -u -0 -s 169/63/2097089 -F diskimg | | 642 | .Dl Ic fdisk -f -a -u -0 -s 169/63/2097089 -F diskimg |
642 | .Sh SEE ALSO | | 643 | .Sh SEE ALSO |
643 | .Xr disktab 5 , | | 644 | .Xr disktab 5 , |
644 | .Xr boot 8 , | | 645 | .Xr boot 8 , |
645 | .Xr disklabel 8 , | | 646 | .Xr disklabel 8 , |
646 | .Xr gpt 8 , | | 647 | .Xr gpt 8 , |
647 | .Xr installboot 8 , | | 648 | .Xr installboot 8 , |
648 | .Xr mbr 8 , | | 649 | .Xr mbr 8 , |
649 | .Xr mbrlabel 8 | | 650 | .Xr mbrlabel 8 |
650 | .Sh BUGS | | 651 | .Sh BUGS |
651 | The word | | 652 | The word |
652 | .Sq partition | | 653 | .Sq partition |
653 | is used to mean both an MBR partition and a | | 654 | is used to mean both an MBR partition and a |
654 | .Nx | | 655 | .Nx |
655 | partition, sometimes in the same sentence. | | 656 | partition, sometimes in the same sentence. |
656 | .Pp | | 657 | .Pp |
657 | There are subtleties that the program detects that are not explained in | | 658 | There are subtleties that the program detects that are not explained in |
658 | this manual page. | | 659 | this manual page. |