 @@ -1,1031 +1,1031 @@
-.\"	$NetBSD: make.1,v 1.227 2014/01/10 16:12:52 christos Exp $
+.\"	$NetBSD: make.1,v 1.228 2014/01/10 16:28:34 wiz Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\"	from: @(#)make.1	8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
 .\"
-.Dd October 25, 2013
+.Dd January 10, 2014
 .Dt MAKE 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm make
 .Nd maintain program dependencies
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm
 .Op Fl BeikNnqrstWwX
 .Op Fl C Ar directory
 .Op Fl D Ar variable
 .Op Fl d Ar flags
 .Op Fl f Ar makefile
 .Op Fl I Ar directory
 .Op Fl J Ar private
 .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
 .Op Fl m Ar directory
 .Op Fl T Ar file
 .Op Fl V Ar variable
 .Op Ar variable=value
 .Op Ar target ...
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Nm
 is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
 Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
 and other files depend.
 If no
 .Fl f Ar makefile
 makefile option is given,
 .Nm
 will try to open
 .Ql Pa makefile
 then
 .Ql Pa Makefile
 in order to find the specifications.
 If the file
 .Ql Pa .depend
 exists, it is read (see
 .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
 .Pp
 This manual page is intended as a reference document only.
 For a more thorough description of
 .Nm
 and makefiles, please refer to
 .%T "PMake \- A Tutorial" .
 .Pp
 .Nm
 will prepend the contents of the
 .Va MAKEFLAGS
 environment variable to the command line arguments before parsing them.
 .Pp
 The options are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Fl B
 Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
 by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
 .It Fl C Ar directory
 Change to
 .Ar directory
 before reading the makefiles or doing anything else.
 If multiple
 .Fl C
 options are specified, each is interpreted relative to the previous one:
 .Fl C Pa / Fl C Pa etc
 is equivalent to
 .Fl C Pa /etc .
 .It Fl D Ar variable
 Define
 .Ar variable
 to be 1, in the global context.
 .It Fl d Ar [-]flags
 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
 .Nm
 are to print debugging information.
 Unless the flags are preceded by
 .Ql \-
 they are added to the
 .Va MAKEFLAGS
 environment variable and will be processed by any child make processes.
 By default, debugging information is printed to standard error,
 but this can be changed using the
 .Ar F
 debugging flag.
 The debugging output is always unbuffered; in addition, if debugging
 is enabled but debugging output is not directed to standard output,
 then the standard output is line buffered.
 .Ar Flags
 is one or more of the following:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Ar A
 Print all possible debugging information;
 equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
 .It Ar a
 Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
 .It Ar C
 Print debugging information about current working directory.
 .It Ar c
 Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
 .It Ar d
 Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
 .It Ar e
 Print debugging information about failed commands and targets.
 .It Ar F Ns Oo Sy \&+ Oc Ns Ar filename
 Specify where debugging output is written.
 This must be the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of
 the argument.
 If the character immediately after the
 .Ql F
 flag is
 .Ql \&+ ,
 then the file will be opened in append mode;
 otherwise the file will be overwritten.
 If the file name is
 .Ql stdout
 or
 .Ql stderr
 then debugging output will be written to the
 standard output or standard error output file descriptors respectively
 (and the
 .Ql \&+
 option has no effect).
 Otherwise, the output will be written to the named file.
 If the file name ends
 .Ql .%d
 then the
 .Ql %d
 is replaced by the pid.
 .It Ar f
 Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
 .It Ar "g1"
 Print the input graph before making anything.
 .It Ar "g2"
 Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
 on error.
 .It Ar "g3"
 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
 .It Ar j
 Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
 .It Ar l
 Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not they are prefixed by
 .Ql @
 or other "quiet" flags.
 Also known as "loud" behavior.
 .It Ar M
 Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions about targets.
 .It Ar m
 Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
 dates.
 .It Ar n
 Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when running commands.
 These temporary scripts are created in the directory
 referred to by the
 .Ev TMPDIR
 environment variable, or in
 .Pa /tmp
 if
 .Ev TMPDIR
 is unset or set to the empty string.
 The temporary scripts are created by
 .Xr mkstemp 3 ,
 and have names of the form
 .Pa makeXXXXXX .
 .Em NOTE :
 This can create many files in
 .Ev TMPDIR
 or
 .Pa /tmp ,
 so use with care.
 .It Ar p
 Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
 .It Ar s
 Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
 .It Ar t
 Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
 .It Ar V
 Force the
 .Fl V
 option to print raw values of variables.
 .It Ar v
 Print debugging information about variable assignment.
 .It Ar w
 Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and post processing.
 .It Ar x
 Run shell commands with
 .Fl x
 so the actual commands are printed as they are executed.
 .El
 .It Fl e
 Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
 makefiles.
 .It Fl f Ar makefile
 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
 .Ql Pa makefile .
 If
 .Ar makefile
 is
 .Ql Fl ,
 standard input is read.
 Multiple makefiles may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
 .It Fl I Ar directory
 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
 The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
 .Fl m
 option) is automatically included as part of this list.
 .It Fl i
 Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
 Equivalent to specifying
 .Ql Fl
 before each command line in the makefile.
 .It Fl J Ar private
 This option should
 .Em not
 be specified by the user.
 .Pp
 When the
 .Ar j
 option is in use in a recursive build, this option is passed by a make
 to child makes to allow all the make processes in the build to
 cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
 .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
 Specify the maximum number of jobs that
 .Nm
 may have running at any one time.
 The value is saved in
 .Va .MAKE.JOBS .
 Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
 .Ar B
 flag is also specified.
 When compatibility mode is off, all commands associated with a
 target are executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the
 traditional one shell invocation per line.
 This can break traditional scripts which change directories on each
 command invocation and then expect to start with a fresh environment
 on the next line.
 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn backwards
 compatibility on.
 .It Fl k
 Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
 that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
 .It Fl m Ar directory
 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles included
 via the
 .Ao Ar file Ac Ns -style
 include statement.
 The
 .Fl m
 option can be used multiple times to form a search path.
 This path will override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk.
 Furthermore the system include path will be appended to the search path used
 for
 .Qo Ar file Qc Ns -style
 include statements (see the
 .Fl I
 option).
 .Pp
 If a file or directory name in the
 .Fl m
 argument (or the
 .Ev MAKESYSPATH
 environment variable) starts with the string
 .Qq \&.../
 then
 .Nm
 will search for the specified file or directory named in the remaining part
 of the argument string.
 The search starts with the current directory of
 the Makefile and then works upward towards the root of the filesystem.
 If the search is successful, then the resulting directory replaces the
 .Qq \&.../
 specification in the
 .Fl m
 argument.
 If used, this feature allows
 .Nm
 to easily search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk files
 (e.g., by using
 .Qq \&.../mk/sys.mk
 as an argument).
 .It Fl n
 Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE special
 source (see below).
 .It Fl N
 Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level makefiles
 without descending into subdirectories.
 .It Fl q
 Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets are
 up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
 .It Fl r
 Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
 .It Fl s
 Do not echo any commands as they are executed.
 Equivalent to specifying
 .Ql Ic @
 before each command line in the makefile.
 .It Fl T Ar tracefile
 When used with the
 .Fl j
 flag,
 append a trace record to
 .Ar tracefile
 for each job started and completed.
 .It Fl t
 Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
 or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
 .It Fl V Ar variable
 Print
 .Nm Ns 's
 idea of the value of
 .Ar variable ,
 in the global context.
 Do not build any targets.
 Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
 the variables will be printed one per line,
 with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
 If
 .Ar variable
 contains a
 .Ql \&$
 then the value will be expanded before printing.
 .It Fl W
 Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
 .It Fl X
 Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environment
 individually.
 Variables passed on the command line are still exported
 via the
 .Va MAKEFLAGS
 environment variable.
 This option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
 size of command arguments.
 .It Ar variable=value
 Set the value of the variable
 .Ar variable
 to
 .Ar value .
 Normally, all values passed on the command line are also exported to
 sub-makes in the environment.
 The
 .Fl X
 flag disables this behavior.
 Variable assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
 but no ordering is enforced.
 .El
 .Pp
 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
 .Pp
 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
 them with a backslash
 .Pq Ql \e .
 The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
 line are compressed into a single space.
 .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
 or more sources.
 This creates a relationship where the targets
 .Dq depend
 on the sources
 and are usually created from them.
 The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
 by the operator that separates them.
 The three operators are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width flag
 .It Ic \&:
 A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
 those of any of its sources.
 Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
 is used.
 The target is removed if
 .Nm
 is interrupted.
 .It Ic \&!
 Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
 examined and re-created as necessary.
 Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
 is used.
 The target is removed if
 .Nm
 is interrupted.
 .It Ic \&::
 If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
 Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
 been modified more recently than the target.
 Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
 operator is used.
 The target will not be removed if
 .Nm
 is interrupted.
 .El
 .Pp
 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values
 .Ql \&? ,
 .Ql * ,
 .Ql [] ,
 and
 .Ql {} .
 The values
 .Ql \&? ,
 .Ql * ,
 and
 .Ql []
 may only be used as part of the final
 component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
 files.
 The value
 .Ql {}
 need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
 Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
 .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
 Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
 used to create the target.
 Each of the commands in this script
 .Em must
 be preceded by a tab.
 While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
 dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
 .Ql Ic \&::
 operator is used.
 .Pp
 If the first characters of the command line are any combination of
 .Ql Ic @ ,
 .Ql Ic + ,
 or
 .Ql Ic \- ,
 the command is treated specially.
+A
 .Ql Ic @
 causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
+A
 .Ql Ic +
 causes the command to be executed even when
 .Fl n
 is given.
 This is similar to the effect of the .MAKE special source,
 except that the effect can be limited to a single line of a script.
+A
 .Ql Ic \-
 causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
 .Pp
 When
 .Nm
 is run in jobs mode with
 .Fl j Ar max_jobs ,
 the entire script for the target is fed to a
 single instance of the shell.
 .Pp
 In compatibility (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate process.
 If the command contains any shell meta characters
 .Pq Ql #=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\e\en
 it will be passed to the shell, otherwise
 .Nm
 will attempt direct execution.
 .Pp
 Since
 .Nm
 will
 .Xr chdir 2
 to
 .Ql Va .OBJDIR
 before executing any targets, each child process
 starts with that as its current working directory.
 .Pp
 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of
 .Nm
 operation does not change their behavior.
 For example, any command which needs to use
 .Dq cd
 or
 .Dq chdir ,
 without side-effect should be put in parenthesis:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
 	@echo Building $@ in `pwd`
 	@(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@)
 	@echo Back in `pwd`
 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
 	@echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \\
 	(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${.MAKE} $@); \\
 	echo Back in `pwd`
 .Ed
 .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
 consist of all upper-case letters.
 .Ss Variable assignment modifiers
 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
 follows:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Ic \&=
 Assign the value to the variable.
 Any previous value is overridden.
 .It Ic \&+=
 Append the value to the current value of the variable.
 .It Ic \&?=
 Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
 .It Ic \&:=
 Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
 to the variable.
 Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
 .Em NOTE :
 References to undefined variables are
 .Em not
 expanded.
 This can cause problems when variable modifiers are used.
 .It Ic \&!=
 Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
 the result to the variable.
 Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces.
 .El
 .Pp
 Any white-space before the assigned
 .Ar value
 is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
 between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
 .Pp
 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
 curly braces
 .Pq Ql {}
 or parentheses
 .Pq Ql ()
 and preceding it with
 a dollar sign
 .Pq Ql \&$ .
 If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
 braces or parentheses are not required.
 This shorter form is not recommended.
 .Pp
 If the variable name contains a dollar, then the name itself is expanded first.
 This allows almost arbitrary variable names, however names containing dollar,
 braces, parenthesis, or whitespace are really best avoided!
 .Pp
 If the result of expanding a variable contains a dollar sign
 .Pq Ql \&$
 the string is expanded again.
 .Pp
 Variable substitution occurs at three distinct times, depending on where
 the variable is being used.
 .Bl -enum
 .It
 Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
 .It
 Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
 executed.
 .It
 .Dq .for
 loop index variables are expanded on each loop iteration.
 Note that other variables are not expanded inside loops so
 the following example code:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 .Dv .for i in 1 2 3
 a+=     ${i}
 j=      ${i}
 b+=     ${j}
 .Dv .endfor
 all:
 	@echo ${a}
 	@echo ${b}
 .Ed
 will print:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 2 3
 3 3
 .Ed
 Because while ${a} contains
 .Dq 1 2 3
 after the loop is executed, ${b}
 contains
 .Dq ${j} ${j} ${j}
 which expands to
 .Dq 3 3 3
 since after the loop completes ${j} contains
 .Dq 3 .
 .El
 .Ss Variable classes
 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
 are:
 .Bl -tag -width Ds
 .It Environment variables
 Variables defined as part of
 .Nm Ns 's
 environment.
 .It Global variables
 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
 .It Command line variables
 Variables defined as part of the command line.
 .It Local variables
 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
 The seven local variables are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
 .It Va .ALLSRC
 The list of all sources for this target; also known as
 .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] .
 .It Va .ARCHIVE
 The name of the archive file.
 .It Va .IMPSRC
 In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the source from which the
 target is to be transformed (the
 .Dq implied
 source); also known as
 .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] .
 It is not defined in explicit rules.
 .It Va .INCLUDEDFROMDIR
 The directory of the file this Makefile was included from.
 .It Va .INCLUDEDFROMFILE
 The filename of the file this Makefile was included from.
 .It Va .MEMBER
 The name of the archive member.
 .It Va .OODATE
 The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-of-date; also
 known as
 .Ql Va \&? .
 .It Va .PREFIX
 The file prefix of the target, containing only the file portion, no suffix
 or preceding directory components; also known as
 .Ql Va * .
 .It Va .TARGET
 The name of the target; also known as
 .Ql Va @ .
 .El
 .Pp
 The shorter forms
 .Ql Va @ ,
 .Ql Va \&? ,
 .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] ,
 .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] ,
 and
 .Ql Va *
 are permitted for backward
 compatibility with historical makefiles and are not recommended.
 The six variables
 .Ql Va "@F" ,
 .Ql Va "@D" ,
 .Ql Va "\*[Lt]F" ,
 .Ql Va "\*[Lt]D" ,
 .Ql Va "*F" ,
 and
 .Ql Va "*D"
 are permitted for compatibility with
 .At V
 makefiles and are not recommended.
 .Pp
 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
 because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
 These variables are
 .Ql Va .TARGET ,
 .Ql Va .PREFIX ,
 .Ql Va .ARCHIVE ,
 and
 .Ql Va .MEMBER .
 .El
 .Ss Additional built-in variables
 In addition,
 .Nm
 sets or knows about the following variables:
 .Bl -tag -width .MAKEOVERRIDES
 .It Va \&$
 A single dollar sign
 .Ql \&$ ,
 i.e.
 .Ql \&$$
 expands to a single dollar
 sign.
 .It Va .ALLTARGETS
 The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile.
 If evaluated during
 Makefile parsing, lists only those targets encountered thus far.
 .It Va .CURDIR
 A path to the directory where
 .Nm
 was executed.
 Refer to the description of
 .Ql Ev PWD
 for more details.
 .It Ev MAKE
 The name that
 .Nm
 was executed with
 .Pq Va argv[0] .
 For compatibility
 .Nm
 also sets
 .Va .MAKE
 with the same value.
 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
 .Ev MAKE
 because it is more compatible with other versions of
 .Nm
 and cannot be confused with the special target with the same name.
 .It Va .MAKE.DEPENDFILE
 Names the makefile (default
 .Ql Pa .depend )
 from which generated dependencies are read.
 .It Va .MAKE.EXPAND_VARIABLES
 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the
 .Fl V
 option.
 .It Va .MAKE.EXPORTED
 The list of variables exported by
 .Nm .
 .It Va .MAKE.JOBS
 The argument to the
 .Fl j
 option.
 .It Va .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX
 If
 .Nm
 is run with
 .Ar j
 then output for each target is prefixed with a token
 .Ql --- target ---
 the first part of which can be controlled via
 .Va .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX .
 If
 .Va .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX
 is empty, no token is printed.
 .br
 For example:
 .Li .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
 would produce tokens like
 .Ql ---make[1234] target ---
 making it easier to track the degree of parallelism being achieved.
 .It Ev MAKEFLAGS
 The environment variable
 .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
 may contain anything that
 may be specified on
 .Nm Ns 's
 command line.
 Anything specified on
 .Nm Ns 's
 command line is appended to the
 .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
 variable which is then
 entered into the environment for all programs which
 .Nm
 executes.
 .It Va .MAKE.LEVEL
 The recursion depth of
 .Nm .
 The initial instance of
 .Nm
 will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the environment
 to be seen by the next generation.
 This allows tests like:
 .Li .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
 to protect things which should only be evaluated in the initial instance of
 .Nm .
 .It Va .MAKE.MAKEFILE_PREFERENCE
 The ordered list of makefile names
 (default
 .Ql Pa makefile ,
 .Ql Pa Makefile )
 that
 .Nm
 will look for.
 .It Va .MAKE.MAKEFILES
 The list of makefiles read by
 .Nm ,
 which is useful for tracking dependencies.
 Each makefile is recorded only once, regardless of the number of times read.
 .It Va .MAKE.MODE
 Processed after reading all makefiles.
 Can affect the mode that
 .Nm
 runs in.
 It can contain a number of keywords:
 .Bl -hang -width ignore-cmd
 .It Pa compat
 Like
 .Fl B ,
 puts
 .Nm
 into "compat" mode.
 .It Pa meta
 Puts
 .Nm
 into "meta" mode, where meta files are created for each target
 to capture the command run, the output generated and if
 .Xr filemon 4
 is available, the system calls which are of interest to
 .Nm .
 The captured output can be very useful when diagnosing errors.
 .It Pa curdirOk= Ar bf
 Normally
 .Nm
 will not create .meta files in
 .Ql Va .CURDIR .
 This can be overridden by setting
 .Va bf
 to a value which represents True.
 .It Pa env
 For debugging, it can be useful to inlcude the environment
 in the .meta file.
 .It Pa verbose
 If in "meta" mode, print a clue about the target being built.
 This is useful if the build is otherwise running silently.
 The message printed the value of:
 .Va .MAKE.META.PREFIX .
 .It Pa ignore-cmd
 Some makefiles have commands which are simply not stable.
 This keyword causes them to be ignored for
 determining whether a target is out of date in "meta" mode.
 See also
 .Ic .NOMETA_CMP .
 .It Pa silent= Ar bf
 If
 .Va bf
 is True, when a .meta file is created, mark the target
 .Ic .SILENT .
 .El
 .It Va .MAKE.META.BAILIWICK
 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which
 match the directories controlled by
 .Nm .
 If a file that was generated outside of
 .Va .OBJDIR
 but within said bailiwick is missing,
 the current target is considered out-of-date.
 .It Va .MAKE.META.CREATED
 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the meta files
 updated.
 If not empty, it can be used to trigger processing of
 .Va .MAKE.META.FILES .
 .It Va .MAKE.META.FILES
 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the meta files
 used (updated or not).
 This list can be used to process the meta files to extract dependency
 information.
 .It Va .MAKE.META.IGNORE_PATHS
 Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored;
 because the contents are expected to change over time.
 The default list includes:
 .Ql Pa /dev /etc /proc /tmp /var/run /var/tmp
 .It Va .MAKE.META.PREFIX
 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in "meta verbose" mode.
 The default value is:
 .Dl Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
 .It Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
 This variable is used to record the names of variables assigned to
 on the command line, so that they may be exported as part of
 .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS .
 This behaviour can be disabled by assigning an empty value to
 .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
 within a makefile.
 Extra variables can be exported from a makefile
 by appending their names to
 .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES .
 .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
 is re-exported whenever
 .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
 is modified.
 .It Va .MAKE.PATH_FILEMON
 If
 .Nm
 was built with
 .Xr filemon 4
 support, this is set to the path of the device node.
 This allows makefiles to test for this support.
 .It Va .MAKE.PID
 The process-id of
 .Nm .
 .It Va .MAKE.PPID
 The parent process-id of
 .Nm .
 .It Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
 When
 .Nm
 stops due to an error, it prints its name and the value of
 .Ql Va .CURDIR
 as well as the value of any variables named in
 .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR .
 .It Va .newline
 This variable is simply assigned a newline character as its value.
 This allows expansions using the
 .Cm \&:@
 modifier to put a newline between
 iterations of the loop rather than a space.
 For example, the printing of
 .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
 could be done as ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
 .It Va .OBJDIR
 A path to the directory where the targets are built.
 Its value is determined by trying to
 .Xr chdir 2
 to the following directories in order and using the first match:
 .Bl -enum
 .It
 .Ev ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
 .Pp
 (Only if
 .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
 is set in the environment or on the command line.)
 .It
 .Ev ${MAKEOBJDIR}
 .Pp
 (Only if
 .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIR
 is set in the environment or on the command line.)
 .It
 .Ev ${.CURDIR} Ns Pa /obj. Ns Ev ${MACHINE}
 .It
 .Ev ${.CURDIR} Ns Pa /obj
 .It
 .Pa /usr/obj/ Ns Ev ${.CURDIR}
 .It
 .Ev ${.CURDIR}
 .El
 .Pp
 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's used,
 so expressions such as
 .Dl ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
 may be used.
 This is especially useful with
 .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIR .
 .Pp
 .Ql Va .OBJDIR
 may be modified in the makefile as a global variable.
 In all cases,
 .Nm
 will
 .Xr chdir 2
 to
 .Ql Va .OBJDIR
 and set
 .Ql Ev PWD
 to that directory before executing any targets.
+.
 .It Va .PARSEDIR
 A path to the directory of the current
 .Ql Pa Makefile
 being parsed.
 .It Va .PARSEFILE
 The basename of the current
 .Ql Pa Makefile
 being parsed.
 This variable and
 .Ql Va .PARSEDIR
 are both set only while the
 .Ql Pa Makefiles
 are being parsed.
 If you want to retain their current values, assign them to a variable
 using assignment with expansion:
 .Pq Ql Cm \&:= .
 .It Va .PATH
 A variable that represents the list of directories that
 .Nm
 will search for files.
 The search list should be updated using the target
 .Ql Va .PATH
 rather than the variable.
 .It Ev PWD
 Alternate path to the current directory.
 .Nm
 normally sets
 .Ql Va .CURDIR
 to the canonical path given by
 .Xr getcwd 3 .
 However, if the environment variable
 .Ql Ev PWD
 is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
 .Nm
 sets
 .Ql Va .CURDIR
 to the value of
 .Ql Ev PWD
 instead.
 This behaviour is disabled if
 .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
 is set or
 .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIR
 contains a variable transform.
 .Ql Ev PWD
 is set to the value of
 .Ql Va .OBJDIR
 for all programs which
 .Nm
 executes.
 .It Ev .TARGETS
 The list of targets explicitly specified on the command line, if any.
 .It Ev VPATH
 Colon-separated
 .Pq Dq \&:
 lists of directories that
 .Nm
 will search for files.
 The variable is supported for compatibility with old make programs only,
 use
 .Ql Va .PATH
 instead.
 .El
 .Ss Variable modifiers
 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the