 @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-# $NetBSD: mi,v 1.1158.2.5 2018/10/31 08:55:32 martin Exp $
+# $NetBSD: mi,v 1.1158.2.6 2019/01/02 15:48:00 martin Exp $
+#
 # Note:	Don't delete entries from here - mark them as "obsolete" instead,
 #	unless otherwise stated below.
+#
 # Note:	Do not mark "old" major and major.minor shared libraries as
 #	"obsolete"; just remove the entry, as third-party applications
 #	may be linked against the old major shared library, and
 #	that is a symlink to the old major.minor shared library.
 #	e.g., "lib<name>.so.<N>" and "lib<name>.so.<N>.<M>"
 #	Exceptions to this rule may include shared libraries that
 #	are dlopen()ed at run-time, such as extra locales, etc.
+#
 # /usr/bin/ident is in `base-util-bin', not `base-rcs-bin' as it is used by pkgsrc
 @@ -5548,26 +5548,27 @@
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Magadan		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Makassar		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Manila		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Muscat		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Nicosia		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novokuznetsk		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Novosibirsk		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Omsk			base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Oral			base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Phnom_Penh		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Pontianak		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Pyongyang		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Qatar			base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Qostanay		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Qyzylorda		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Rangoon		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Riyadh		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Riyadh87		base-obsolete		obsolete
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Riyadh88		base-obsolete		obsolete
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Riyadh89		base-obsolete		obsolete
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Saigon		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Sakhalin		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Samarkand		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Seoul			base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Singapore		base-sys-share		share
 ./usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Srednekolymsk		base-sys-share		share

 @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-#	$NetBSD: 3RDPARTY,v 1.1444.2.19 2018/10/31 10:02:14 martin Exp $
+#	$NetBSD: 3RDPARTY,v 1.1444.2.20 2019/01/02 15:48:00 martin Exp $
+#
 # This file contains a list of the software that has been integrated into
 # NetBSD where we are not the primary maintainer.
+#
 # When you make changes to this software, be sure to discuss it with the
 # maintainer and contribute your patches.  Divergence from the official
 # sources is not desirable, and should be avoided as much as possible.
+#
 # When importing, please deal with the RCS IDs in this way:
 #   1. Preserve the RCS IDs in the files by removing the $ signs from
 #      the IDs before you do the import.
 #   2. After the import, add NetBSD RCS IDs to all of the files.
+#
 @@ -1401,28 +1401,28 @@ Package:	traceroute
 Version:	1.4a12
 Current Vers:	1.4a12
 Maintainer:	traceroute@ee.lbl.gov
 Archive Site:	ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/
 Home Page:	http://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/
 Mailing List:
 Responsible:
 License:	BSD (4-clause)
 Location:	usr.sbin/traceroute
 Notes:
 Added changes from a5 -> a12 manually.
 Package:	tz
-Version:	tzcode2017b / tzdata2018g
+Version:	tzcode2017b / tzdata2018i
-Current Vers:	tzcode2018g / tzdata2018g
+Current Vers:	tzcode2018i / tzdata2018i
 Maintainer:	Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
 Archive Site:	ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases/
 Archive Site:	ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz/
 Old Archive Site:	ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
 Home Page:	http://www.iana.org/time-zones
 Mailing List:	tz@iana.org
 Responsible:	kleink, christos, kre
 License:	Public domain
 Location:	lib/libc/time/zoneinfo, external/public-domain/tz/share
 Notes:
 Don't use src/lib/libc/time/tzcode2netbsd to prepare the source tree for import.
 Diffs are now applied by hand, since we have too many diffs (re-entrant tzcode,
 register removal) to apply. The diffs have been submitted upstream but there

 @@ -370,35 +370,38 @@ ZIC_INSTALL=	$(ZIC) -d '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDI
 # Older 'mawk' versions, such as the 'mawk' in Ubuntu 16.04, might dump core;
 # on Ubuntu you can work around this with
 #	AWK=		gawk
 AWK=		awk
 # The full path name of a Posix-compliant shell, preferably one that supports
 # the Korn shell's 'select' statement as an extension.
 # These days, Bash is the most popular.
 # It should be OK to set this to /bin/sh, on platforms where /bin/sh
 # lacks 'select' or doesn't completely conform to Posix, but /bin/bash
 # is typically nicer if it works.
 KSHELL=		/bin/bash
 # Name of curl <https://curl.haxx.se/>, used for HTML validation.
 CURL=		curl
 # The path where SGML DTDs are kept and the catalog file(s) to use when
-# validating.  The default should work on both Debian and Red Hat.
+# validating HTML 4.01.  The default should work on both Debian and Red Hat.
 SGML_TOPDIR= /usr
 SGML_DTDDIR= $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/xml/w3c-sgml-lib/schema/dtd
 SGML_SEARCH_PATH= $(SGML_DTDDIR)/REC-html401-19991224
 SGML_CATALOG_FILES= \
   $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/doc/w3-recs/html/www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/HTML4.cat:$(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/sgml/html/4.01/HTML4.cat
-# The name, arguments and environment of a program to validate your web pages.
+# The name, arguments and environment of a program to validate HTML 4.01.
 # See <http://openjade.sourceforge.net/doc/> for a validator, and
 # <https://validator.w3.org/source/> for a validation library.
 # Set VALIDATE=':' if you do not have such a program.
 VALIDATE = nsgmls
 VALIDATE_FLAGS = -s -B -wall -wno-unused-param
 VALIDATE_ENV = \
   SGML_CATALOG_FILES='$(SGML_CATALOG_FILES)' \
   SGML_SEARCH_PATH='$(SGML_SEARCH_PATH)' \
   SP_CHARSET_FIXED=YES \
   SP_ENCODING=UTF-8
 # This expensive test requires USE_LTZ.
 # To suppress it, define this macro to be empty.
 @@ -478,26 +481,27 @@ HEADERS=	tzfile.h private.h
 NONLIBSRCS=	zic.c zdump.c
 NEWUCBSRCS=	date.c strftime.c
 SOURCES=	$(HEADERS) $(LIBSRCS) $(NONLIBSRCS) $(NEWUCBSRCS) \
 			tzselect.ksh workman.sh
 MANS=		newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 time2posix.3 \
 			tzfile.5 tzselect.8 zic.8 zdump.8
 MANTXTS=	newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \
 			time2posix.3.txt \
 			tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \
 			date.1.txt
 COMMON=		calendars CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile \
 			NEWS README theory.html version
 WEB_PAGES=	tz-art.html tz-how-to.html tz-link.html
 CHECK_WEB_PAGES=check_tz-art.html check_tz-how-to.html check_tz-link.html
 DOCS=		$(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES)
 PRIMARY_YDATA=	africa antarctica asia australasia \
 		europe northamerica southamerica
 YDATA=		$(PRIMARY_YDATA) etcetera
 NDATA=		systemv factory
 TDATA_TO_CHECK=	$(YDATA) $(NDATA) backward pacificnew
 TDATA=		$(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(BACKWARD)
 ZONETABLES=	zone1970.tab zone.tab
 TABDATA=	iso3166.tab $(TZDATA_TEXT) $(ZONETABLES)
 LEAP_DEPS=	leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list
 TZDATA_ZI_DEPS=	ziguard.awk zishrink.awk version $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA)
 DSTDATA_ZI_DEPS= ziguard.awk $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA)
 DATA=		$(TDATA_TO_CHECK) backzone iso3166.tab leap-seconds.list \
 @@ -789,29 +793,35 @@ check_tables:	checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDA
 		  $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(PRIMARY_YDATA) \
 		    || exit; \
 		done
 		touch $@
 check_tzs:	$(TZS) $(TZS_NEW)
 		if test -s $(TZS); then \
 		  diff -u $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW); \
 		else \
 		  cp $(TZS_NEW) $(TZS); \
 		fi
 		touch $@
-# This checks only the HTML 4.01 strict page.
+check_web:	$(CHECK_WEB_PAGES)
-# To check the the other pages, use <https://validator.w3.org/>.
+check_tz-art.html: tz-art.html
-check_web:	tz-how-to.html
+check_tz-link.html: tz-link.html
 check_tz-art.html check_tz-link.html:
 		$(CURL) -sS --url https://validator.w3.org/nu/ -F out=gnu \
 		    -F file=@$$(expr $@ : 'check_\(.*\)') -o $@.out && \
 		  test ! -s $@.out || { cat $@.out; exit 1; }
 		mv $@.out $@
 check_tz-how-to.html: tz-how-to.html
 		$(VALIDATE_ENV) $(VALIDATE) $(VALIDATE_FLAGS) tz-how-to.html
 		touch $@
 # Check that zishrink.awk does not alter the data, and that ziguard.awk
 # preserves main-format data.
 check_zishrink: check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right
 check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right: \
   zic leapseconds $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA) $(DATAFORM).zi tzdata.zi
 		rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir
 		mkdir $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir
 		case $@ in \
 		  *_right) leap='-L leapseconds';; \
 		  *) leap=;; \
 @@ -1058,26 +1068,26 @@ zonenames:	tzdata.zi
 asctime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
 date.o:		private.h
 difftime.o:	private.h
 localtime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
 strftime.o:	private.h tzfile.h
 zdump.o:	version.h
 zic.o:		private.h tzfile.h version.h
 .KEEP_STATE:
 .PHONY: ALL INSTALL all
 .PHONY: check check_time_t_alternatives
-.PHONY: check_zishrink
+.PHONY: check_web check_zishrink
 .PHONY: clean clean_misc dummy.zd force_tzs
 .PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names
 .PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right public
 .PHONY: rearguard_signatures rearguard_signatures_version
 .PHONY: rearguard_tarballs rearguard_tarballs_version
 .PHONY: right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version
 .PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version
 .PHONY: traditional_signatures traditional_signatures_version
 .PHONY: traditional_tarballs traditional_tarballs_version
 .PHONY: typecheck
 .PHONY: zonenames zones
 .PHONY: $(ZDS)

 @@ -1,24 +1,113 @@
 News for the tz database
 Release 2018i - 2018-12-30 11:05:43 -0800
   Briefly:
     São Tomé and Príncipe switches from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01.
   Changes to future timestamps
     Due to a change in government, São Tomé and Príncipe switches back
     from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01 at 02:00.  (Thanks to Vadim
     Nasardinov and Michael Deckers.)
 Release 2018h - 2018-12-23 17:59:32 -0800
   Briefly:
     Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan moved from +06 to +05 on 2018-12-21.
     New zone Asia/Qostanay because Qostanay, Kazakhstan didn't move.
     Metlakatla, Alaska observes PST this winter only.
     Guess Morocco will continue to adjust clocks around Ramadan.
     Add predictions for Iran from 2038 through 2090.
   Changes to future timestamps
     Guess that Morocco will continue to fall back just before and
     spring forward just after Ramadan, the practice since 2012.
     (Thanks to Maamar Abdelkader.)  This means Morocco will observe
     negative DST during Ramadan in main and vanguard formats, and in
     rearguard format it stays in the +00 timezone and observes
     ordinary DST in all months other than Ramadan.  As before, extend
     this guesswork to the year 2037.  As a consequence, Morocco is
     scheduled to observe three DST transitions in some Gregorian years
     (e.g., 2033) due to the mismatch between the Gregorian and Islamic
     calendars.
     The table of exact transitions for Iranian DST has been extended.
     It formerly cut off before the year 2038 in a nod to 32-bit time_t.
     It now cuts off before 2091 as there is doubt about how the Persian
     calendar will treat 2091.  This change predicts DST transitions in
 -9, 2042-3, and 2046-7 to occur one day later than previously
     predicted.  As before, post-cutoff transitions are approximated.
   Changes to past and future timestamps
     Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda) oblast in Kazakhstan moved from +06 to
     +05 on 2018-12-21.  This is a zone split as Qostanay (aka
     Kostanay) did not switch, so create a zone Asia/Qostanay.
     Metlakatla moved from Alaska to Pacific standard time on 2018-11-04.
     It did not change clocks that day and remains on -08 this winter.
     (Thanks to Ryan Stanley.)  It will revert to the usual Alaska
     rules next spring, so this change affects only timestamps
     from 2018-11-04 through 2019-03-10.
   Change to past timestamps
     Kwajalein's 1993-08-20 transition from -12 to +12 was at 24:00,
     not 00:00.  I transcribed the time incorrectly from Shanks.
     (Thanks to Phake Nick.)
     Nauru's 1979 transition was on 02-10 at 02:00, not 05-01 at 00:00.
     (Thanks to Phake Nick.)
     Guam observed DST irregularly from 1959 through 1977.
     (Thanks to Phake Nick.)
     Hong Kong observed DST in 1941 starting 06-15 (not 04-01), then on
 -01 changed standard time to +08:30 (not +08).  Its transition
     back to +08 after WWII was on 1945-09-15, not the previous day.
     Its 1904-10-30 change took effect at 01:00 +08 (not 00:00 LMT).
     (Thanks to Phake Nick, Steve Allen, and Joseph Myers.)  Also,
     its 1952 fallback was on 11-02 (not 10-25).
     This release contains many changes to timestamps before 1946 due
     to Japanese possession or occupation of Pacific/Chuuk,
     Pacific/Guam, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Kwajalein, Pacific/Majuro,
     Pacific/Nauru, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei.
     (Thanks to Phake Nick.)
     Assume that the Spanish East Indies was like the Philippines and
     observed American time until the end of 1844.  This affects
     Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei.
   Changes to past tm_isdst flags
     For the recent Morocco change, the tm_isdst flag should be 1 from
 -10-27 00:00 to 2018-10-28 03:00.  (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
     Give a URL to the official decree.  (Thanks to Matt Johnson.)
 Release 2018g - 2018-10-26 22:22:45 -0700
   Briefly:
-    Morocco switches to permanent +01 on 2018-10-27.
+    Morocco switches to permanent +01 on 2018-10-28.
   Changes to future timestamps
-    Morocco switches from +00/+01 to permanent +01 effective 2018-10-27,
+    Morocco switches from +00/+01 to permanent +01 effective 2018-10-28,
-    so its clocks will not fall back on 2018-10-28 as previously scheduled.
+    so its clocks will not fall back as previously scheduled.
     (Thanks to Mohamed Essedik Najd and Brian Inglis.)
   Changes to code
     When generating TZif files with leap seconds, zic no longer uses a
     format that trips up older 32-bit clients, fixing a bug introduced
     in 2018f.  (Reported by Daniel Fischer.)  Also, the zic workaround
     for QTBUG-53071 now also works for TZif files with leap seconds.
     The translator to rearguard format now rewrites the line
     "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S" to
     "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9  1:00 0 S".
     This caters to zic before 2007 and to Oracle TZUpdater 2.2.0
 @@ -109,27 +198,27 @@ Release 2018f - 2018-10-18 00:14:18 -070
     localtime.c no longer requires at least one time type in TZif
     files that lack transitions or have a POSIX-style TZ string.  This
     future-proofs the code against possible future extensions to the
     format that would allow TZif files with POSIX-style TZ strings and
     without transitions or time types.
     A read-access subscript error in localtime.c has been fixed.
     It could occur only in TZif files with timecnt == 0, something that
     does not happen in practice now but could happen in future versions.
     localtime.c no longer ignores TZif POSIX-style TZ strings that
     specify only standard time.  Instead, these TZ strings now
     override the default time type for timestamps after the last
-    transition (or for all time stamps if there are no transitions),
+    transition (or for all timestamps if there are no transitions),
     just as DST strings specifying DST have always done.
     leapseconds.awk now outputs "#updated" and "#expires" comments,
     and supports leap seconds at the ends of months other than June
     and December.  (Inspired by suggestions from Chris Woodbury.)
   Changes to documentation
     New restrictions: A Rule name must start with a character that
     is neither an ASCII digit nor "-" nor "+", and an unquoted name
     should not use characters in the set "!$%&'()*,/:;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~".
     The latter restriction makes room for future extensions (a
     possibility noted by Tom Lane).

 @@ -837,28 +837,61 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907
 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
+#
 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
 # with the patch.
 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
-# From Brian Inglis (2018-10-26):
+# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
-# http://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-conseil-de-gouvernement-adopte-un-projet-de-decret-relatif-lheure-legale-stipulant-le
+# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
+#
 # From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
 # We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
 # the week end after....  The government does not announce yet the decision
 # about this temporary change.  But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
 # as in previous years.  An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
 # that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
 # https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01):
 # For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday
 # before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after
 # Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012.  To implement this,
 # transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the
 # following program under GNU Emacs 26.1.
 # (let ((islamic-year 1440))
 #   (require 'cal-islam)
 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 #           (sunday 0))
 #       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
 #       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
 #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 #       (insert
 #        (format
 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
 @@ -882,49 +915,89 @@ Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	2018	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2014	2018	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	24	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Mar	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Mar	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Mar	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Feb	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Feb	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Mar	22	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Feb	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Mar	14	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Jan	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Feb	27	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Jan	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Feb	18	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Dec	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Feb	10	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Dec	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Jan	26	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Dec	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Jan	18	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Nov	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Jan	 9	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Nov	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Dec	25	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Nov	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Dec	17	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Dec	 2	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Nov	23	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Nov	15	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 :00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
 :00	-	+01	1986
-:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 27
+:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-:00	-	+01
+:00	Morocco	+01/+00
 # Western Sahara
+#
 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 # Morocco does.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
-:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 27
+:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-:00	-	+01
+:00	Morocco	+01/+00
 # Mozambique
+#
 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 :00	-	CAT
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi
 @@ -1061,30 +1134,40 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 J
 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
 # São Tomé and Príncipe
 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
 # they entered the year 2018.
 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
 # From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
 # São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
 # https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
+#
 # From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
 # https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
 # ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
 # coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
 Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
 :00	-	GMT	2018 Jan  1 01:00
-:00	-	WAT
+:00	-	WAT	2019 Jan  1 02:00
 :00	-	GMT
 # Senegal
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
 :00	-	+04
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.

 @@ -576,43 +576,113 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
 # According to Singaporean newspaper
 # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
 # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
 # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
 # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
 # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
 # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
 # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
 # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
 # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
 # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
+#
 # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
 # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
 # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
+#
 # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
 # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
 # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
 # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
 # ball was dropped.  So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
 # of broadcasting the new local time.
+#
 # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
 # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
 # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
 # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
 # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
 # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
 # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
 # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
 # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
 # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
 # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
 # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
 # before.  After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
 # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
 # period of time.  Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
 # same month, but there were not much information about time there.  Later they
 # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
 # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
 # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
 # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
 # captured by Japan.
+#
 # Image of related sections on newspaper:
 # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
 #   https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
 # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
 #   time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
 #   https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
 # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
 #   https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
 # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
 #   https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
 # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
 #   https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
 # Also, the Liberation day of Hong Kong after WWII which British rule
 # over the territory resumed was August 30, 1945, which I think should
 # be the termination date for the use of JST in the territory....
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
 # Here are the dates given at
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2009-10-28:
+# as of 2014-06-19:
 # Year        Period
-# 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
+# 1941        15 Jun to 30 Sep
 # 1942        Whole year
 # 1943        Whole year
 # 1944        Whole year
 # 1945        Whole year
 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
-# 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
+# 1952        6 Apr to 2 Nov
 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 @@ -621,57 +691,59 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1977        Nil
 # 1978        Nil
 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 # 1980 to Now Nil
-# The page does not give start or end times of day.
+# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
-# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
+# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
-# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
+# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
-# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
+# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-16; see:
-# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
+# Heaver S. The days after the Pacific war ended: unsettling times
-# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+# in Hong Kong. Post Magazine. 2016-06-13.
 # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1852990/days-after-pacific-war-ended-unsettling-times-hong-kong
 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the
 # transition times.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
-Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
+Rule	HK	1952	1953	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
+Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30  0:36:42
-:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
+:00	-	HKT	1941 Jun 15  3:30
-:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
+:00	1:00	HKST	1941 Oct  1  4:00
 :30	-	HKT	1941 Dec 25
 :00	-	JST	1945 Sep 16
 :00	HK	HK%sT
 ###############################################################################
 # Taiwan
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
 @@ -1047,26 +1119,36 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 :00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
 :00	-	+09	1976 May  3
 :00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
 :00	-	+09
 # India
 # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
 # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
 # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
 # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories.  No reason is
 # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
 # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
 # that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
 # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
 # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
 # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
 # (2015-12-22):
 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
 # outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
 # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
 # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
 # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
 # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
 @@ -1217,32 +1299,85 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 No
 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
+#
 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
+#
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
 # plan to change that law....
+#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
+# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
-# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+# lines from 2008 through 2087.  Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
-# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
+# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
+# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the the astronomical Persian calendar
 # for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058),
 # so the following code special-case those years.  See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
 # Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
 # The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
 # https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
 # Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
 # happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
 # stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
 # (cl-loop
 #  initially (require 'cal-persia)
 #  with first-persian-year = 1387
 #  with last-persian-year = 1466
 #  ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
 #  ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
 #  with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
 #  with range-start = nil
 #  for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
 #  do
 #  (let*
 #      ((exceptional-year-offset
 #        (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
 #       (beg-dst-absolute
 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
 #           exceptional-year-offset))
 #       (end-dst-absolute
 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
 #           exceptional-year-offset))
 #       (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
 #        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
 #           (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
 #       (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
 #       (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
 #       (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 #                           next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
 #       (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
 #       (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
 #    (setq range-start (or range-start year))
 #    (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
 #                  (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
 #              (= persian-year last-persian-year))
 #      (insert
 #       (format
 #        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
 #        range-start range-end
 #        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
 #        (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
 #      (insert
 #       (format
 #        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
 #        range-start range-end
 #        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
 #        (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
 #      (setq range-start nil))))
+#
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
 @@ -1257,81 +1392,133 @@ Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 No
 # daylight saving time ...
 # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
+#
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	22	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 2	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
+Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
+Rule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+Rule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2063	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2063	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2067	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2067	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2071	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2071	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2075	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2075	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2079	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2079	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2083	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2083	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Iran	2087	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Iran	2087	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
+#
 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
 # These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
 # restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Iran	2088	max	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	2088	max	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 :25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
 :30	-	+0330	1977 Nov
 :00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
 :30	Iran	+0330/+0430
 # Iraq
+#
 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
 @@ -1681,27 +1868,29 @@ Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sat>=1	24:00
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
+#
 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
 # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
 # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 :00	Japan	J%sT
-# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
+# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
 # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
 # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
 # Jordan
+#
 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
+#
 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 @@ -1971,68 +2160,69 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
 # according to wikipedia.)
+#
 # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
 # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
 # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
 # how that could happen....
+#
 # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
 # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
 # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
 # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
+# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
-# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
+# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
 # UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
 # located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+#
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
 :00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 :00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 :00	-	+06
 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
 # This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
 # see comments below.
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 :00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 :00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 :00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 :00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-:00	-	+06
+:00	-	+06	2018 Dec 21  0:00
-# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
+:00	-	+05
 # hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29.  The 1991/2 rules for
 # Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
 # reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
 #Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:20 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 #			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 #			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 #			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 #			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 #			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 #			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 #			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 #			6:00	-	+06
+#
 # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
 # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
 # reorganization.
 Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:28 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 :00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 :00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 :00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 :00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 :00	-	+06
 # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 :00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 :00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 :00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 :00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 :00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 :00	-	+05
 # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include timestamps before 1963.
 @@ -2106,41 +2296,63 @@ Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May
 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
 # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
 # started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
 # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
 # date in South Korea should be
 # 1955-09-08 without specifying time
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
 # 1956-09-29 without specifying time
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
 # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
 # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
 # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
 # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
 # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
 # ...
 # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
 # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
 # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
 # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	12	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=7	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 8	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	29	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sat>=17	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
+Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 3:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
+#
 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
 #       (Announcement No. 338)
 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
+#
 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
+#
 @@ -2910,26 +3122,31 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 :00 Palestine	EE%sT
 Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 :00	Zion	EET/EEST 1948 May 15
 :00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 :00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 :00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 :00 Palestine	EE%sT
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 # Philippines
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
 # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
 # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
 # History of the International Date Line
 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 @@ -2995,28 +3212,28 @@ Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
 # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
 # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
 # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
 # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
 # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.)  Antar writes,
 # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
 # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
 # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
 # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
 # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did."  See:
 # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
 # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
-# newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port
+# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
-# Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text.
+# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
+#
 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
 # we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
 # earlier date.
+#
 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
 # the country.  Presumably this is documenting airline time.  Ignore this,
 # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
+#

 @@ -589,52 +589,65 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
 # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
 # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
 # between AKST and AKDT from now on....
 # https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
 # From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
 # The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
 # clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
 # They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
 # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
 # In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
 # Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
 # https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:30
 			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
 			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT	2018 Nov  4  2:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	2019 Mar Sun>=8 3:00
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-10:00	-	AST	1942
 			-10:00	US	A%sT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 @@ -775,26 +788,42 @@ Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
 			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Indiana
+#
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
 # A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate
 # in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time")
 # tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST:
 #  "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs
 #   out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland,
 #   R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock
 #   back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process.  The clock sticks on 9 as the
 #   debate rages on into the night.  The filibuster finally dies out and the
 #   bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m.  In the end,
 #   it doesn't matter which side won.  The law has no enforcement powers and
 #   is simply ignored by fast-time communities."
 # How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving.
 # Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05.
 # https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
+#
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
+#
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
+#
 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
+#
 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,

 @@ -392,76 +392,135 @@ Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oc
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	-09
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	-0930
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
 			-10:00	-	-10
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 # Guam
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1959	only	-	Jun	27	2:00	1:00	D
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1961	only	-	Jan	29	2:00	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1967	only	-	Sep	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Jan	26	0:01	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Aug	31	2:00	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1970	1971	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guam	1970	1971	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1973	only	-	Dec	16	2:00	1:00	D
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1974	only	-	Feb	24	2:00	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1976	only	-	May	26	2:00	1:00	D
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1976	only	-	Aug	22	2:01	0	S
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	D
 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
 Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Aug	28	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 :39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
-:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23 # Guam
+:00	-	GST	1941 Dec 10 # Guam
 :00	-	+09	1944 Jul 31
 :00	Guam	G%sT	2000 Dec 23
 :00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
 :00	-	+12
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	-12	1979 Oct
 			-11:00	-	-11	1994 Dec 31
 :00	-	+13
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:40	-	-1040	1979 Oct
 			-10:00	-	-10	1994 Dec 31
 :00	-	+14
 # N Mariana Is
 # See Pacific/Guam.
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
+Zone Pacific/Majuro	 11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
-:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-:00	-	+12
+:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
+:00	-	+11	1937
-:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20
+:00	-	+09	1944 Jan 30
-:00	-	+12
+:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
 :00	-	+12
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 :00	-	+11	1937
 :00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
 :00	-	+09	1944 Feb  6
 :00	-	+11	1969 Oct
 			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20 24:00
 :00	-	+12
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
+Zone Pacific/Chuuk	-13:52:52 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-:00	-	+10
+:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
+:00	-	+10	1914 Oct
-:00	-	+11
+:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
+:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
+:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-:00	-	+12	1999
+:00	-	+10
-:00	-	+11
+Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	-13:27:08 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Kolonia
 :32:52 -	LMT	1901
 :00	-	+11	1914 Oct
 :00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
 :00	-	+11	1937
 :00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
 :00	-	+09	1945 Aug
 :00	-	+11
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	-13:08:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 :51:56 -	LMT	1901
 :00	-	+11	1914 Oct
 :00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
 :00	-	+11	1937
 :00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
 :00	-	+09	1945 Aug
 :00	-	+11	1969 Oct
 :00	-	+12	1999
 :00	-	+11
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
-:30	-	+1130	1942 Mar 15
+:30	-	+1130	1942 Aug 29
-:00	-	+09	1944 Aug 15
+:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  8
-:30	-	+1130	1979 May
+:30	-	+1130	1979 Feb 10  2:00
 :00	-	+12
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 :00	NC	+11/+12
 @@ -542,28 +601,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	-11
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
 :12	-	+1112	1951
 :30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00
 :30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00
 :30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00
 :00	-	+11
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
+Zone Pacific/Palau	-15:02:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Koror
-:00	-	+09
+:57:56 -	LMT	1901
 :00	-	+09
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 :48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
 :00	-	+10
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
+#
 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 @@ -805,59 +865,60 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 J
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 :00	-	+12
 ###############################################################################
 # NOTES
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
+#
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+#
 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
+#
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
+#
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
+#
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+#
 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #		LMT		Local Mean Time
 #	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
 #	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
-#	 10:00	GST		Guam through 2000
+#	 10:00	GST	GDT*	Guam through 2000
 #	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
 #	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
 #	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
 #	-11:00	SST		Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
+#
 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 ###############################################################################
 # Australia
 @@ -1536,95 +1597,252 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
 # Kwajalein
-# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
+# From an AP article (1993-08-22):
-# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
+# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
-# 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
+# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one.  Residents were
-# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
+# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
-# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
+# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
 # one side of the international date line to the other."
 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
 # should occur at around 1950s instead.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
 # Army established a missile test range here".  However, the Kwajalein Test
 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy.  It was
 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01.  See "Seize the High Ground"
 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
 # period.  It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
 # that period of time like the surrounding area.
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
+#
 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
 # and end of Japanese control of Agana.  We don't know whether the Northern
 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
+#
 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
 # Micronesia
 # Marshall Is
 # See the commentary for Micronesia.
 # Micronesia (and nearby)
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
+#
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
+#
 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
 # ...
 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
+#
 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
 # of German New Guinea.  However there is a marking saying it have not been
 # implemented (yet).  No further information after that were found.
+#
 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
 # instructed to use JST at the time.
+#
 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
 # longitude of the atoll.
 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
 # is if they keep their own time back then)
+#
 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
 # year.  Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
 #  * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
 #    (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
 #  * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
 #    administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
 #  * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
 #    administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
 #  * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
 #    formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
 #    governance structure have been established, these district [become
 #    subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
 #    time of the area.
 #  * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
 #    occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
 #    Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
 #    subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
 #    subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
 #    starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
 #    Marshall Islands.
+#
 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
 # area into 2 timezones:
 #  * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
 #    Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
 #  * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
 #    Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
 #    Standard Time)
+#
 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
+#
 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
 # island.  The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
 # period of time....
+#
 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
+#
 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
 # under American administration from year 1947.  The site listed some
 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
 # information can be found.
+#
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
+#
 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known.  The information
 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
+#
 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
 # done, so omit it from the data for now.
+#
 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
 # Midway
 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
 # air at 6am your time.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
 # Nauru
 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
 # ...
 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset.  In response to a comment by
 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
 # Norfolk
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
 # Palau
 # See commentary for Micronesia.
 # Pitcairn
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
+#
 #	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
 #	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
 #	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
+#
 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
 @@ -1769,26 +1987,29 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
+#
 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
 # impossible.
+#
 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
 ###############################################################################
 # The International Date Line
 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
+#
 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
+#
 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL

 @@ -9,29 +9,32 @@
 # or <ftp://tycho.usno.navy.mil/pub/ntp/leap-seconds.list>.
 # For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
 # The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
 # <https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>.
 # The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
 # periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
 # (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space)
 # and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file
 # <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/Leap_Second.dat>.
 # See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second.
 # URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995
 # <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7909995>.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
 # accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
-# did not exist.
+# did not exist.  The first ("1 Jan 1972") data line in leap-seconds.list
 # does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition
 # of UTC.
 # The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
 # will typically look like:
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
 # or
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
 # If the leap second is Rolling (R) the given time is local time (unused here).
 Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S

 @@ -14,29 +14,32 @@ BEGIN {
   print "# or <ftp://tycho.usno.navy.mil/pub/ntp/leap-seconds.list>."
   print "# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see"
   print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds"
   print "# <https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html>."
   print ""
   print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service"
   print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
   print "# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space)"
   print "# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file"
   print "# <https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/Leap_Second.dat>."
   print "# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second."
   print "# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995"
   print "# <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7909995>."
   print ""
   print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism"
   print "# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation"
-  print "# did not exist."
+  print "# did not exist.  The first (\"1 Jan 1972\") data line in leap-seconds.list"
   print "# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition"
   print"# of UTC."
   print ""
   print "# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines"
   print "# will typically look like:"
   print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S"
   print "# or"
   print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S"
   print ""
   print "# If the leap second is Rolling (R) the given time is local time (unused here)."
   monthabbr[ 1] = "Jan"
   monthabbr[ 2] = "Feb"
   monthabbr[ 3] = "Mar"
   monthabbr[ 4] = "Apr"

 @@ -396,27 +396,27 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
       AHST/AHDT Alaska-Hawaii,
       AKST/AKDT Alaska,
       AWST/AWDT Australian Western,
       BST/BDT Bering,
       CAT/CAST Central Africa,
       CET/CEST/CEMT Central European,
       ChST Chamorro,
       CST/CDT/CWT/CPT/CDDT Central [North America],
       CST/CDT China,
       GMT/BST/IST/BDST Greenwich,
       EAT East Africa,
       EST/EDT/EWT/EPT/EDDT Eastern [North America],
       EET/EEST Eastern European,
-      GST Guam,
+      GST/GDT Guam,
       HST/HDT/HWT/HPT Hawaii,
       HKT/HKST Hong Kong,
       IST India,
       IST/GMT Irish,
       IST/IDT/IDDT Israel,
       JST/JDT Japan,
       KST/KDT Korea,
       MET/MEST Middle European (a backward-compatibility alias for
 	Central European),
       MSK/MSD Moscow,
       MST/MDT/MWT/MPT/MDDT Mountain,
       NST/NDT/NWT/NPT/NDDT Newfoundland,
       NST/NDT/NWT/NPT Nome,
 @@ -1228,51 +1228,50 @@ Calculations: The Ultimate Edition
 Other information and sources are given in the file '<code>calendars</code>'
 in the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> distribution.
 They sometimes disagree.
 </p>
 </section>
 <section>
   <h2 id="planets">Time and time zones on other planets</h2>
 <p>
 Some people's work schedules
 use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars">Mars time</a>.
 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) coordinators kept Mars time on
 and off during the
-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder#End_of_mission">Mars
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder">Mars
 Pathfinder</a> mission.
 Some of their family members also adapted to Mars time.
 Dozens of special Mars watches were built for JPL workers who kept
 Mars time during the Mars Exploration Rovers mission (2004).
 These timepieces look like normal Seikos and Citizens but use Mars
 seconds rather than terrestrial seconds.
 </p>
 <p>
 A Mars solar day is called a "sol" and has a mean period equal to
 about 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds in terrestrial time.
 It is divided into a conventional 24-hour clock, so each Mars second
 equals about 1.02749125 terrestrial seconds.
 </p>
 <p>
 The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_meridian">prime
 meridian</a> of Mars goes through the center of the crater
 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy-0">Airy-0</a>, named in
 honor of the British astronomer who built the Greenwich telescope that
 defines Earth's prime meridian.
 Mean solar time on the Mars prime meridian is
-called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Coordinated_Time">Mars
+called Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr>MTC</abbr>).
 Coordinated Time (<abbr>MTC</abbr>)</a>.
 </p>
 <p>
 Each landed mission on Mars has adopted a different reference for
 solar timekeeping, so there is no real standard for Mars time zones.
 For example, the
 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover">Mars
 Exploration Rover</a> project (2004) defined two time zones "Local
 Solar Time A" and "Local Solar Time B" for its two missions, each zone
 designed so that its time equals local true solar time at
 approximately the middle of the nominal mission.
 Such a "time zone" is not particularly suited for any application
 other than the mission itself.

 @@ -44,27 +44,27 @@ DATAFORM != "main" {
   Zone_Dublin_post_1968 \
     = (zone == "Europe/Dublin" && /^#?[\t ]+[01]:00[\t ]/ \
        && (!$(in_comment + 4) || 1968 < $(in_comment + 4)))
   if (Rule_Eire || Zone_Dublin_post_1968) {
     if ((Rule_Eire \
 	 || (Zone_Dublin_post_1968 && $(in_comment + 3) == "IST/GMT"))	\
 	== vanguard) {
       uncomment = in_comment
     } else {
       comment_out = !in_comment
+    }
+  }
-  # If this line should differ due to Namibia using Rule SAVE suffixes,
+  # If this line should differ due to Namibia using negative SAVE values,
   # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one.
   Rule_Namibia = /^#?Rule[\t ]+Namibia[\t ]/
   Zone_using_Namibia_rule \
     = (zone == "Africa/Windhoek" \
        && ($(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia" \
 	   || (1994 <= $(in_comment + 4) && $(in_comment + 4) <= 2017) \
 	   || in_comment + 3 == NF))
   if (Rule_Namibia || Zone_using_Namibia_rule) {
       if ((Rule_Namibia \
 	   ? ($(in_comment + 9) ~ /^-/ \
 	      || ($(in_comment + 9) == 0 && $(in_comment + 10) == "CAT")) \
 	   : $(in_comment + 1) == "2:00" && $(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia") \
 	  == vanguard) {
 @@ -77,26 +77,43 @@ DATAFORM != "main" {
   if (uncomment) {
     sub(/^#/, "")
+  }
   if (comment_out) {
     sub(/^/, "#")
+  }
   # In rearguard format, change the Japan rule line with "Sat>=8 25:00"
   # to "Sun>=9 1:00", to cater to zic before 2007 and to older Java.
   if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $7 == "Sat>=8" && $8 == "25:00") {
     sub(/Sat>=8/, "Sun>=9")
     sub(/25:00/, " 1:00")
+  }
   # In rearguard format, change the Morocco lines with negative SAVE values
   # to use positive SAVE values.
   if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && $4 == 2018 \
       && $6 == "Oct") {
     sub(/\t2018\t/, "\t2017\t")
+  }
   if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && 2019 <= $3) {
     if ($9 == "0") {
       sub(/\t0\t/, "\t1:00\t")
     } else {
       sub(/\t-1:00\t/, "\t0\t")
+    }
+  }
   if (!vanguard && $1 == "1:00" && $2 == "Morocco" && $3 == "+01/+00") {
     sub(/1:00\tMorocco\t\+01\/\+00$/, "0:00\tMorocco\t+00/+01")
+  }
+}
 # If a Link line is followed by a Zone line for the same data, comment
 # out the Link line.  This can happen if backzone overrides a Link
 # with a Zone.
 /^Link/ {
   linkline[$3] = NR
+}
 /^Zone/ {
   sub(/^Link/, "#Link", line[linkline[$2]])
+}
 { line[NR] = $0 }

 @@ -229,26 +229,27 @@ KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
 KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
 KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
 KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
 KZ	+5312+06337	Asia/Qostanay	Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay
 KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+4707+05156	Asia/Atyrau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
 LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 @@ -322,29 +323,29 @@ PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
 PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
 RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd
 RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
 RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+01 - Volgograd
 RU	+5134+04602	Europe/Saratov	MSK+01 - Saratov
 RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
 RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+04 - Novosibirsk
 RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
 RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
 RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
 RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River

 @@ -201,26 +201,27 @@ IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT,SM,VA	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
 KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
 KZ	+5312+06337	Asia/Qostanay	Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay
 KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtöbe/Aktobe
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Mangghystaū/Mankistau
 KZ	+4707+05156	Asia/Atyrau	Atyraū/Atirau/Gur'yev
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 @@ -279,29 +280,29 @@ PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
 PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
 RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd
 RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
 RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+01 - Volgograd
 RU	+5134+04602	Europe/Saratov	MSK+01 - Saratov
 RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
 RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+04 - Novosibirsk
 RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
 RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
 RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
 RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River