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Date: Fri, 8 Apr 2022 01:21:49 +0000
From: "Amitai Schleier" <schmonz@netbsd.org>
Subject: CVS commit: pkgsrc/bootstrap
To: pkgsrc-changes@NetBSD.org
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Module Name:	pkgsrc
Committed By:	schmonz
Date:		Fri Apr  8 01:21:49 UTC 2022

Modified Files:
	pkgsrc/bootstrap: README.macOS

Log Message:
README.macOS: rewrite for typical new users.

Historical details have moved:

https://wiki.netbsd.org/pkgsrc/macos_porting_notes/


To generate a diff of this commit:
cvs rdiff -u -r1.6 -r1.7 pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS

Please note that diffs are not public domain; they are subject to the
copyright notices on the relevant files.


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Modified files:

Index: pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS
diff -u pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS:1.6 pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS:1.7
--- pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS:1.6	Wed Apr  6 13:06:09 2022
+++ pkgsrc/bootstrap/README.macOS	Fri Apr  8 01:21:49 2022
@@ -1,230 +1,35 @@
-$NetBSD: README.macOS,v 1.6 2022/04/06 13:06:09 schmonz Exp $
+$NetBSD: README.macOS,v 1.7 2022/04/08 01:21:49 schmonz Exp $
 
-This file describes the use of current versions of pkgsrc with
-multiple versions of Darwin and macOS, omitting information about
-previous pkgsrc versions.
+Please read the general README file as well.
 
-* Darwin vs macOS
+Binary packages are available for macOS arm64 and x86_64, provided by
+Joyent. More info: <http://pkgsrc.joyent.com/install-on-osx/>
 
-macOS consists of Darwin (kernel/userland) plus Mac stuff on top.
-pkgsrc used to target Darwin, but given the tools issued discussed
-below it is not clear that it works on Darwin without macOS.  Darwin
-from Apple is no longer open source.
+If these don't suffice for your needs, you'll want to build your own.
+First, install either the full Xcode environment (if that's something
+you want to have) or else just its Command Line Tools. For the latter:
 
-Users of non-macOS Darwin are invited to submit patches to this file.
-The only known project is:
-  http://www.puredarwin.org/
+	$ xcode-select --install
 
-Until then, this file remains macOS-centric.
+Next, if you haven't already done so, fetch and extract pkgsrc:
 
-* system tools issues
+	$ curl -O https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.gz
+	$ tar -zxf pkgsrc.tar.gz && rm pkgsrc.tar.gz
 
-** native headers vs SDK
+Now you're ready to bootstrap as described in README.
 
-macOS used to include system headers in /usr/include, so that one
-could treat it like a relatively normal POSIX system.  Starting at
-approximately 10.9, headers were no longer available at the standard
-location, and one has to use an SDK that puts headers someplace else.
-pkgsrc supports this, but there has been some confusion where a 10.9
-system produced binaries for 10.10, which only mostly works.  The
-confusion is believed to be resolved.
+Once bootstrapped, install `devel/scmcvs` so you can update pkgsrc via
+anonymous CVS. Alternatively, swap out your CVS checkout for a clone
+from this git mirror: <https://github.com/NetBSD/pkgsrc/>
 
-*** SDK version issues
+For any particular package that doesn't build, macOS fixes are often in
+MacPorts or Homebrew waiting to be borrowed.
 
-The SDK supported versions and default versions do are not always the
-same as the current system version.  The following may be useful in
-understanding one's situation:
+Patches to support older systems will generally get merged, provided
+they don't break newer systems and aren't too much trouble to maintain.
+Tigerbrew is a good place to look for such fixes.
 
-  /usr/bin/xcrun --show-sdk-version
-  sw_vers -productVersion
-
-pkgsrc attempts to query the system version, and then ask the sdk to
-use that version.  See mk/platform/Darwin.mk for the code.
-
-** gcc vs clang
-
-Older versions of OS X (when XCode is installed) provided gcc, and
-pkgsrc defaulted to using gcc.  With 10.9, gcc is no longer present.
-
-** i386 vs x86_64 ABI issue
-
-This entire section is only about Intel Macs.
-
-OS X 10.6 and higher supports x86-64 binaries on Intel Macs with
-x86-64 processors, which is now most of them.  i386 binaries are also
-supported on most (all?) Intel machines.
-
-*** issues related to ABI 32 vs 64
-
-Note that a pkgsrc package built in x86_64 mode will not run on an
-Intel Mac that is i386 only.  For a longer discussion, see:
-http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/pkgsrc-users/2009/09/24/msg010817.html
-
-Somewhat separately from pkgsrc's ABI choice, there have been issues
-with packages which get confused because "MACHINE_ARCH" is in some OS
-versions set to "i386" (on a 64-bit system!).  As of 2016 this should
-be mostly resolved.
-  version:  uname -m : uname -p
-  10.6: i386 : i386
-  10.9: x86_64 : i386
-
-*** default ABI
-
-The ABI is chosen at bootstrap time and encoded into mk.conf.  So a
-change in the default is about what a new bootstrap will do;
-already-bootstrapped systems should remain unchanged.  They should be
-able to build and run new packages using the old ABI value.
-
-pkgsrc used to set the default ABI as i386, both on systems with i386
-processors and on systems with x86_64 processors.  On 2015-11-09 the
-default was changed so that ABI=64 is chosen on machines where "uname
--m" reports x86_64.  (It remains i386 on others, which are not capable
-of running x86_64 binaries.)
-
-Generally, users will not need to deal with the default ABI change,
-except that packages are mostly only portable across machines with the
-same bootstrapping parameters.
-
-If one unpacks a new binary bootstrap kit over an existing
-installation, one can end up with a mix. The standard advice is not to
-do this, and to rrebuild/reinstall all packages from scratch or a
-compatible binary package set.  But, one could also mark packages with
-the wrong ABI as rebuild=YES and use pkg_rolling-replace.
-
-*** change in storage of ABI information
-
-On 2016-01-24, the way ABI information was stored in pkgsrc was
-rationalized and simplified.  The new code could compute the wrong ABI
-for some previously-bootstrapped installations.  The problem can be
-resolved by building bmake with MACHINE_ARCH=x86_64 and updating that
-package, as described in mail archives:
-
-  https://mail-index.netbsd.org/pkgsrc-users/2016/01/25/msg022870.html
-
-(One would expect to be able to use make replace to do this.  One
-minor issue is that it requires pkg_tarup, although that will be
-present on systems of those who use make replace.  There also may be
-an error with architecture mismatch from pkg_install requiring a "-f"
-option.  Repeatable data about recovery is somewhat hard to obtain, as
-most are past this issue already and no longer interested in
-experimenting.)
-
-* Developer tools and prerequisites
-
-** XCode
-
-This section applies to 10.6 through 11.
-
-If you haven't already, you will need to install the macOS
-Developer Tools package (XCode) to obtain a compiler, etc.  The
-procedure depends on the version of macOS; recent versions use the
-App Store.
-
-*** Command-line Tools
-
-If one installs "Commmand Line Tools", then pkgsrc can use the
-compiler.
-
-Since Xcode 7 (installed from the Apple Store) the development
-environment can upgrade itself without interaction from the user, but
-will not automatically update the Command Line Tools.  This will
-cause system header files like stdlib.h not to be found by pkgsrc.
-The command `xcode-select --install' will install the Command Line
-Tools for Xcode.
-
-In the past at least, Command Line Tools for Xcode could be obtained
-from https://developer.apple.com/downloads/
-
-** cvs
-
-Note that as of 10.9, cvs is no longer provided by Apple.  You can build
-devel/scmcvs.  To obtain pkgsrc in order to bootstrap and build cvs,
-it may be useful to `git clone https://github.com/NetBSD/pkgsrc.git`.
-
-** X11
-
-X11 used to be built into macOS, but as of 10.8 it is no longer
-included.  You can install XQuartz from
-https://www.xquartz.org, or try the newly-added pkgsrc
-version.
-
-* macOS Versions
-
-Because Apple drops support for previous hardware faster than the
-hardware fails, many machines cannot be upgraded to recent versions of
-macOS, creating a greater than usual desire to support old systems.
-Because of the particular history of deprecation, most systems tend to
-run relatively recent versions or specific older versions.
-
-The stance of pkgsrc is generally to avoid breaking older systems
-unless keeping support would cause difficulty, and to accept clean
-patches when there is no harm to non-deprecated versions.  This
-section is partly to document what versions tend to be used and why,
-and partly to enable cleaning up bug reports without fixes for very
-old systems.
-
-pkgsrc PRs about 10.12 or older that do not contain fixes may be closed
-without fixing.
-
-macOS 11 (major versions are now just digits) is the current version;
-hardware before 2013 cannot be upgraded to this version. Also this
-version introduces support for Apple M1 processors, using the aarch64
-instruction set.
-
-macOS 10.15 is maintained and supports the same hardware as 10.14.
-
-macOS 10.14 is somewhat old but still maintained.  It cannot be run on
-hardware before 2012 and Macbooks before 2015.
-
-macOS 10.13 is old; Apple ended support in January of 2021.
-Significant amounts of entirely functional hardware cannot be upgraded
-beyond this version.
-
-macOS 10.12 is very old.  There is no known reason to run it, as all
-(most?) hardware that runs 10.12 can run 10.13.
-
-OS X 10.11 is very old; some hardware cannot be upgraded beyond this
-version, but most of it is old and slow, dating from approximately
-2010 or earlier.
-
-OS X 10.10, 10.9 and 10.8 are extremely old; most hardware that can
-run them can probably run 10.11.
-
-OS X 10.7 is the last version that works on a few Intel Macs, e.g. the
-Mac Pro 1.1 and 2.1 and some Mac Minis.
-
-OS X 10.6 is the last version that works on Intel Macs lacking amd64
-support, e.g. Mac Minis and Macbooks with Core Duo.
-
-OS X 10.5 is the last version that works on PowerPC Macs.
-
-OS X 10.4 (Darwin 8.11.0) is the last version that works on PowerPC G3
-and slower G4 Macs.
-
-* Bulk builds
-
-Clearly, it is desirable for a bulk build to be useful on as many
-computers as possible.  The main issues are which ABI and which macOS
-version.  Targeting older versions makes a build run on more systems,
-and targeting newer versions makes the build closer to what would be
-obtained from bootstrapping on a newer version and thus avoids some
-issues.   This section has pointers to active bulk builds.
-
-** 10.4, --abi=32 powerpc, gcc
-
-Sevan Janiyan <Sevan@NetBSD.org> provides a bulk build for the -current branch
-(--abi=32, OS X 10.4/PowerPC, gcc 4.0.1 from Xcode 2.5, X11_TYPE=modular):
-  https://www.geeklan.co.uk/?p=1579
-  US repo: http://sevan.mit.edu/packages
-  Euro mirror: http://pkgsrc.geeklan.co.uk/packages/current/Darwin-8
-  See
-  https://mail-index.netbsd.org/pkgsrc-bulk/2015/11/07/msg012171.html
-
-** 10.14, --abi=64 x86-64, clang
-** 11, --abi=64 x86-64, clang
-
-Joyent provide a bulk build for both 10.14/x86_64 and 11/x86_64:
-  http://pkgsrc.joyent.com/install-on-osx/
-
-They hold archives for 64-bit Sierra (10.12), Mavericks (10.9) and Snow
-Leopard (10.6), but these are no longer updated.
+Occasionally, after updating to a freshly released macOS version, you'll
+see "No suitable Xcode SDK or Command Line Tools installed." This
+usually means a pkgsrc developer needs to add another `OSX_SDK_MAP`
+entry to `mk/platform/Darwin.mk`.


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