bash: update to 5.2.

This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-5.2 since
the release of bash-5.1.  As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
the place to look for complete descriptions.

1. New Features in Bash

a. The bash malloc returns memory that is aligned on 16-byte boundaries.

b. There is a new internal timer framework used for read builtin timeouts.

c. Rewrote the command substitution parsing code to call the parser recursively
   and rebuild the command string from the parsed command. This allows better
   syntax checking and catches errors much earlier. Along with this, if
   command substitution parsing completes with here-documents remaining to be
   read, the shell prints a warning message and reads the here-document bodies
   from the current input stream.

d. The `ulimit' builtin now treats an operand remaining after all of the options
   and arguments are parsed as an argument to the last command specified by
   an option. This is for POSIX compatibility.

e. Here-document parsing now handles $'...' and $"..." quoting when reading the
   here-document body.

f. The `shell-expand-line' and `history-and-alias-expand-line' bindable readline
   commands now understand $'...' and $"..." quoting.

g. There is a new `spell-correct-word' bindable readline command to perform
   spelling correction on the current word.

h. The `unset' builtin now attempts to treat arguments as array subscripts
   without parsing or expanding the subscript, even when `assoc_expand_once'
   is not set.

i. There is a default value for $BASH_LOADABLES_PATH in config-top.h.

j. Associative array assignment and certain instances of referencing (e.g.,
   `test -v' now allow `@' and `*' to be used as keys.

k. Bash attempts to expand indexed array subscripts only once when executing
   shell constructs and word expansions.

l. The `unset' builtin allows a subscript of `@' or `*' to unset a key with
   that value for associative arrays instead of unsetting the entire array
   (which you can still do with `unset arrayname'). For indexed arrays, it
   removes all elements of the array without unsetting it (like `A=()').

m. Additional builtins (printf/test/read/wait) do a better job of not
   parsing array subscripts if array_expand_once is set.

n. New READLINE_ARGUMENT variable set to numeric argument for readline commands
   defined using `bind -x'.

o. The new `varredir_close' shell option causes bash to automatically close
   file descriptors opened with {var}<fn and other styles of varassign
   redirection unless they're arguments to the `exec' builtin.

p. The `$0' special parameter is now set to the name of the script when running
   any (non-interactive) startup files such as $BASH_ENV.

q. The `enable' builtin tries to load a loadable builtin using the default
   search path if `enable name' (without any options) attempts to enable a
   non-existent builtin.

r. The `printf' builtin has a new format specifier: %Q. This acts like %q but
   applies any specified precision to the original unquoted argument, then
   quotes and outputs the result.

s. The new `noexpand_translations' option controls whether or not the translated
   output of $"..." is single-quoted.

t. There is a new parameter transformation operator: @k. This is like @K, but
   expands the result to separate words after word splitting.

u. There is an alternate array implementation, selectable at `configure' time,
   that optimizes access speed over memory use (use the new configure
    --enable-alt-array-implementation option).

v. If an [N]<&WORD- or [N]>&WORD- redirection has WORD expand to the empty
   string, treat the redirection as [N]<&- or [N]>&- and close file descriptor
   N (default 0).

w. Invalid parameter transformation operators are now invalid word expansions,
   and so cause fatal errors in non-interactive shells.

x. New shell option: patsub_replacement. When enabled, a `&' in the replacement
   string of the pattern substitution expansion is replaced by the portion of
   the string that matched the pattern. Backslash will escape the `&' and
   insert a literal `&'.

y. `command -p' no longer looks in the hash table for the specified command.

z. The new `--enable-translatable-strings' option to `configure' allows $"..."
   support to be compiled in or out.

aa. The new `globskipdots' shell option forces pathname expansion never to
    return `.' or `..' unless explicitly matched. It is enabled by default.

bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables
    (declare -n ref='v[@]' ; echo $ref) no longer cause the shell to exit if
    set -u is enabled and the array (v) is unset.

cc. There is a new bindable readline command name:
    `vi-edit-and-execute-command'.

dd. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and
    uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present,
    double otherwise.

ee. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account.

ff. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not
   currently enabled.

gg. Since there is no `declare -' equivalent of `local -', make sure to use
    `local -' in the output of `local -p'.


(wiz)